UMkhosi woMhlanga
Umkhosi Womhlanga umkhosi lapho izinkulungwane zezintombi zamaZulu zihlangana khona eNyokeni esigodlweni seNgonyama yamaZulu ngoMandulo unyaka nonyaka. Umkhosi womhlanga isiko lokukhuthaza ubumsulwa ezintombi nokuhlonishwa kwabesifazane abasebasha.Kanye Baye Befundiswe Nokuhlonipha bobuntombi.[1]
UMkhosi Womhlanga ungeminye yemikhosi emidala kakhulu eMbusweni wobukhosi bakwaZulu. Lo mkhosi waqalwa amaZulu esazinze eNkabazwe yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngeshwa-ke lo mkhosi washabalala ngesikhathi umbuso wakwaZulu unqotshwa ngamaNgisi kodwa wabuye wavuselelwa yiSilo uZwelithini ngonyaka ka-1984. [2]
UMLANDO
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UMhlanga oxhumene nalo Mkhosi ngokomlando wuqalo oluthathwa njengomuthi wokuqala ukumila eNingizimu yezwe laseGibhithe eTopiya. Ngenxa yokuthathwa kwalo njengomuthi wokuqala, kukholelwa ukuthi uqalo wuhlanga lezwe olwaluhlanganisa iNingizimu neNyakatho yezwe laseGibhithe. [1] Leli siko lagqame kakhulu ngeminyaka ye-1940 Eswatini ngaphansi kombuso kaSobhuza II. Izintombi zasuka kuzona zonke izindawo ezakhele izwe laseSwazini zanikela eLudzidzini embuthanweni owathatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye[3]. Lo mkhosi ususelwa emcimbini omdala odume ngokuthi wumchwasho. Umchwasho uchazwa ngokuthi isiko eliqondene nezintombi ezimsulwa ezingakahlangano nowesilisa ngokocansi. Kulo mkhosi, izintombi zisuke ziqhakambisa ubuntombi bazo nokuveza ubuhle bazo.
Lo mkhosi wabuye wavuselelwa kuleli laseNingizimu Afrika emva kokunyamalala isikhathi eside. Lo mkhosi ugqama noma uthuthuke emva kokuba indlovukazi Mantfombi MaDlamini Zulu (ongowokudabuka eSwatini) esegcagcele esizweni samaZulu. Ngokomlando, indlovukazi Mantfombi eyavuselela leli siko.
Ukubizwa kweNgonyama ngoHlanga Lwezwe kusukelwa kulolu qalo olwalumila eNingizimu yezwe laseGibhithe. Ngakho-ke uMhlanga okhiwa yizintombi ezingamatshitshi emifuleni umele uHlanga Lwezwe. Ukwethulwa komhlanga eNgonyameni kuwuphawu lokugcizelela ukuthathwa kwayo njengoHlanga Lwezwe.
Kafushane-nje, umhlanga uhlobo lotshani noma isimila esimila sibe sihle emanzini kodwa esisheshayo ukwephuka uma sithola ukuthikamezwa noma sithinteka kabi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuchaza ukuthi intombi iyashesha ukwephuka noma ukulimala, kumele iphathwe ngokucophelela. Izintombi zifaniswa nalobo tshani kungakho kuthiwa umkhosi womhlanga. Lo mkhuba ugujwa njalo ngonyaka, enyangeni kaMandulo (September) esiGodlweni seNgonyama, eNyokeni kwaNongoma.
Ukulungiselela KoMkhosi Womhlanga
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Uma kuzogujwa uMkhosi wesizwe kuye kudingeke ukuba iSilo sizilungiselele ngokwanele. ISilo siye sixhumane naMakhosi esizwe asalala, sicele ukuba umcimbi ube yimpumelelo futhi kungabibikho mishophi eyehlayo sixhumana namakhosi esizwe asalala ngezindlela ezahlukene kungaba ngokomthandazo wayo wenkolo yobuKrestu noma ngokwesintu namasiko akhona. Ngakho-ke uma kuzogujwa uMkhosi Womhlanga iSilo siye singene emgonqweni ekuqaleni kwesonto lomkhosi. Ezinye izinhlelo zeNgonyama ziyama ngoba kusuke kufanele ibe sesigodlweni okuzogujelwa kuso umkhosi. Kuye kwenziwe konke okwesiko njengokugaywa kotshwala nokunye okuhambisana nokulungiselela nokubika umcimbi.Inhloso yokugoqa kweSilo ukucelela izintombi nezihambeli zomcimbi uhambo oluhle.
Kulo mcimbi, kusuke kukhona abaqaphe isimo ukwenzela ukuthi uma kukhona okudinga ukungenelela kweNgonyama bakwazi ukuyobika ngokushesha. NoNdlunkulu beSilo kudingeke basondele esigodlweni okuzobanjelwa kuso uMkhosi Womhlanga.
Izintombi namalungiselelo oMkhosi Womhlanga
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngaphambi kokuba izintombi ziye eMkhosini Womhlanga ziyahlolwa ezifundeni lapho zisuka khona. Amatshitshi aya eMkhosini Womhlanga kufanele kube yilawo asethombile futhi ayalwa ukuthi kumele aziphathe kanjani uma esethombile. Lo Mhlanga othulwa eNgonyameni eNyokeni ugawulwa eMhlathuze enyakatho nelakwaZulu-Natali ngenxa yokuthi miningi kule ndawo.
Ukuqokwa lweNkosazane okoyiyona ekha emhlanga wokuqala
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Minyaka yonke iNgonyama iye iqoke iNkosazane yaseNdlunkulu okuyiyona ekha umhlanga wokuqala. Okubalulekile ngokuqokwa kweNkosazane ezophatha umhlanga ngalowo nyaka wukuthi kumele kube yileyo esuke ingene ebuntombini ngaphambi kokufika komcimbi woMkhosi Womhlanga. Ngaphambi kokuthi iNkosazane nethimba eliyokha umhlanga baphume, iNgonyama ibikela aMakhosi esizwe asakhothama neNdlunkulu bese icelela abaNtwana uhambo oluphephile. AbaNtwana baphuma ngoLwesithathu ebusuku bethubeleze njalo baze bayongenisa oBuka, emzini weNkosi yakwaBiyela.
Ekuseni ngoLwesine kwesakaBiyela Obuka
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngaphambi kokuba abaNtwana baphume ngoLwesine ekuseni, iNkosi yakwaBiyela iye ibike abaNtwana, ibacelele ukuphepha endleleni. INkosi iye ihlabe imbuzi esibayeni bese kuthelwa iNkosazane ngenyongo. Le mbuzi ayiphekwa kodwa iNkosazane ibuyela nayo esigodlweni. Kuye kuhlatshwe inkomo ukuze ithimba eliphelezela iNkosazane nabaNtwana bathole okuya ngasethunjini. Izintombi zendawo ezisuke zilindele ithimba laseNdlunkulu emzini weNkosi nazo zihlatshelwa inkomo.
Ukukha Umhlanga (usuku uLwesine)
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Emva kwesidlo sasekuseni izintombi zihuba ihubo bese zehlela Emfuleni ukuyokha Umhlanga. Owokuqala ukhiwa iNkosazane kanti uphathiswa okwezikhali zamaNtungwa. Umhlanga weNkosazane nabaNtwana ungena wodwa ebhasini, kuthi owezintombi zendawo ufakwe elolini. Izintombi zibuyela emzini weNkosi ( kwaBiyela) zilale,zivuke ngoLwesihlanu zibuyele esigodlweni zifike ziwubeke ngaphandle usuhlutshiwe, bese iNgonyama iyazemukela. OweNkosazane wona ozomukelwa yiNgonyama, ulokhu uqashwe njalo ulinde usukU lwangoMgqibelo.
Izifundo ezifundwa koMkhulu eNyokeni
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngokujwayelekile izintombi eziqhamuka ezifundeni ezahlukene zifika esigodlweni ngoLwesihlanu. Kuye kuphume abaNtwana baseNdlunkulu bazemukele. AbaNtwana baye bahube babuye bafundise izintombi amanye amahubo ezingawazi: Ngalo uLwesihlanu ngemuva kokwamukelwa izintombi zithola ithuba lokugida zibuye zithole iziyalo zeSilo. Kuye kunikezwe izifundo zokuziphatha ngobuqotho nezimilo ezinhle kubantu besifazane. Kulesi sikhathi esiphila kuso esikhungethwe yisifo sengculaza, izifundo ezinikezwa amatshitshi seziye zigcizelele ukuthi ucansi olungaphephile lungukufa uqobo. Kubuye kukhunjuzwe amatshitshi ngendlela okhokho bawo ababeziphatha ngayo: Ukunikeza lezi zifundo kwenziwa yibona abesifazane kuze kumbandakanye ngisho amakhosikazi angonina bayo iNgonyama.
Ukugujwa koMkhosi Womhlanga
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]NgoMgqibelo izintombi zivuka ekuseni ziyogeza emfuleni zibuye sezivunule. Uma sezibuyile emfuleni ziye zimiswe ngezigaba ezifanele. Phambili kuma abaNtwana beSilo nabaNtwana baseNdlunkulu. Ngemuva kwabo kuma amatshitshi abhince umutsha, kuthi ngemuva kwaleli thimba kume amaqhikiza abhince umgcabha noma ivukusi Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubhinca kumele ngaphezulu kwalo izintombi zibhince umutsha otshengisa ukuthi ziyizintombi.
Imvunulo yezintombi yenhlukaniswe ngezigaba zayo ezine (4) kanje:
1. Imvunulo yamajongosi izintombi ezingakaqomi
2. Imvunulo yamaqhikiza okuyilezo eseziqomile
3. Imvunulo eqondene nizingoduso okuyilezo esezigodusiwe noma eseziceliwe.
4. Bese kuba nemvunulo yezinkehli okuyilezo esezilotsholiwe zaze zakhehlwa sezilinde umgcagco.
Zonke lezi zintombi zingamatshitshi kodwa imvunulo ezihlukanisa ngokwezigaba zazo. Yileso naleso sigaba sinemvunulo yaso. Zonke izintombi zisuke zivunule ngevunulo emiselwe noma eqondene nebanga elikuzo. Akuvumekile ukuxuba imvunulo ngokwegaba.
Amajongisi
Amajongosi, amatshitshi awagqoki lutho ezinqeni kodwa kuba onomndindi nezingcubula. Lokhu kusuke kukhombisa ukuzigqaja kwawo amatshitshi ngemizimba yawo. Amabele awembozwa ngalutho ngoba lokho kwakungelona isiko lamaZulu. Ubona ngamabele amatshitshi azimponjwana emile ethe mpo nezinqe zakhona zithe du zingahambi zinyakaza. Ithanga lakhona liginqika amanzi ligcwele licwebezela.
INkosazane esuke iqokwe yiSilo iye ibisithatha umhlanga wokuqala iyowunika iSilo. ISilo sisuke silindele kanye nezimenywa esigodlweni ngenhla kwesibaya. Ngaphambi kokuba iSilo simukele umhlanga eNkosazaneni siye siqale siphule lowo wangonyaka odlule siwuhudulele eceleni. Lo Mhlanga usuke uncikiswe phakathi kwesigodlo nesibaya. Lokhu iSilo sikwenza kusasele amagxathu ambalwa ukuba iNkosazane ifike kuso. Emva kweNkosazane kulandela abanye abaNtwana kuze nezintombi. Konke lokhu izintombi zikwenza zihuba amahubo. Izintombi aziwubeki noma kanjani umhlanga kodwa ziwubeka ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuthi umele ubuntombi bazo.Mbonambi, H. B. (2010). Ukuvuselelwa kwesiko lokuhlonipha entsheni ensundu ikakhulukazi esizweni sakwaZulu (Doctoral dissertation).
Uma sekuqediwe iSilo siphuma ngehubo kulandele izintombi kuyiwe enkundleni lapho siyokwethula khona inkulumo yosuku.
Amabutho asingethe iNgonyama
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]EMkhosini Womhlanga kuye kubekhona amabutho abesilisa akhapha iNgonyama uma isiya enkundleni lapho izintombi zizogubha khona uMkhosi Womhlanga. Amabutho aphatha izihlangu, amawisa nezinduku angene neNgonyama enkundleni kuhutshwa amahubo esiZulu. Wonke amaZulu esilisa azokwethamela uMkhosi Womhlanga kudingeka avunule ngemvunulo yesiNtu.
Izivakashi azivunyelwa ukungena emigqeni yezintombi ezigubhayo zithathe izithombe ngendlela engahlelekile. Lokhu kungehlisa isithunzi nokubaluleka koMkhosi bese kuba sengathi yinkundla yokwenza inzuzo kanti kusuke kwakhiwa isizwe. Enkulumeni yayo iNgonyama iye income ukuziphatha ngobuqotho kwezintombi zakwaZulu. Phela izintombi ezigubha uMkhosi Womhlanga zisuke zihloliwe ukuthi zisaphelele yini. Ngakho-ke ukuzincoma kugqugquzela ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuziphatha kahle ukuze unyaka nonyaka zithole ithuba lokuzobukwa iNgonyama nesizwe sonke. ISilo siye sigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuziphatha kahle ukuze kunciphe ukufa kwabantu okudalwa yingculaza. Ukuphetha uMkhosi Womhlanga kwesinye isikhathi iSilo siye siqambe igama lebutho lezintombi ebezigubha uMkhosi.
Ukubaluleka koMkhosi Womhlanga
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UMkhosi Womhlanga ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ngokugqugquzela izintombi ukuba zigcine ubuntombi bazo zize zifike esigabeni sokushada. Izifundo ezifundiswa izintombi esigodlweni ziyasiza ekuvikeleni ukukhulelwa kwezintombi nokuhaqwa yisifo sengculaza. UMkhosi Womhlanga usiza ukuvuselela amasiko esintu nokuzigqaja kwezintombi ngobuzwe nobuntombi bazo. Ukubuthwa okudalwa nguMkhosi Womhlanga negama elinikezwa ibutho lezintombi kugqugquzela ukuziphatha kahle ezintombini ngoba zingafuni igama lebutho lithunazeke.Mbonambi, H. B. (2010). Ukuvuselelwa kwesiko lokuhlonipha entsheni ensundu ikakhulukazi esizweni sakwaZulu (Doctoral dissertation).
Mkhosi Womhlanga uvuselela amasiko Amahle okuziphatha kwezintombi. UMkhosi Womhlanga usiza ukuthi uthole abangani abaziphethe kahle futhi ugqugquzeleke ukuqhubeka nokugcina ubuntombi bakho. Kuyavela engxoxweni nezintombi ezizigcinile ezihamba uMkhosi Womhlanga ukuthi ontanga bazo abazemukeli kahle. Empeleni ngisho nabanye abazali banomona ngoba ezabo izingane zingaziphethe kahle bese bezibhuqa lezi ezigcine ubuntombi bazo. UManqele (2007) uqhuba uthi: uma ukhuluma iqiniso futhi ungazenyezi ngobuwena ontanga bakho bagcina sebekuhlonipha.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi izintombi azifunde ukuzethemba zingabanaki abazigxekayo ngoba bafuna zifane nabo. Nabo laba abagxekayo bayafisa ukuzigcina beyizintombi nto kodwa bahlulwa ukumelana nengcindezi yontanga babo.
Ngosuku lomkhosi, umgubho uqala ngomkhuleko lapho izinyosi zihaya iSilo esibusayo namakhosi amadala. Ngalesi sikhathi abaselisa bame ngezinyawo, kuthule cwaka. Abasemame nezintombi bahleli phansi kuthulekile. Akekho ukukizayo/ olilizayo. Bavala ngeHubo leSiswe.
Isiphetho
Ukuhloniphana phakathi kwezintombi nezinsizwa kwakuyinto ebalulekile endulo. Namhlanje abanye abantu besilisa abasabahloniphi abantu besifazane. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besifazane kudla umunyu kuleli lizwe. Ingcabhayi ilele kubazali nothisha ukuba bakugxilise emiqondweni yezingane zabafana ukuthi umuntu wesifazane uyahlonishwa.
Endulo izintombi zazingavunyelwa ukuba ziye emathuneni, namhlanje sekuwuthela wayeka usubona ngisho nojahidada emingcwabeni. Isiko lokugezwa ngomswani kwezintombi uma kade kushoniwe ekhaya alisanakwa. Kuhle ukuthi zibuye emasisweni, amasiko ayebumba isizwe abuyiswe.
Isiko lokubalekela lalilihle linikeza izintombi ithuba lokuzikhethela. Nokho kulesi sikhathi sanamhlanje mhlawumbe selingaba nenkinga ngoba abanye abantu sebalahlekelwa ubuntu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ithi intombi ibalekela umuntu bese eyinukubeza athi izilethe yona. Isiko lokuhlolwa kwezintombi libonakala liba nesasasa kulezi zinsuku. UMkhosi Womhlanga ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ukugqugquzela leli siko. Nokho-ke kukhona ezinye izinhlaka ezigxeka leli siko, zithi zilwela amalungelo abantu besifazane.
- ↑ Nkosi, Gugulethu Sebenzile. Umkhosi Womhlanga (Reed Dance) as a tourism enterprise in KwaZulu-Natal: Perceptions, policies and practices. Diss. University of Zululand, 2013.
- ↑ Nkosi, G. S. (2013). Umkhosi Womhlanga (Reed Dance) as a tourism enterprise in KwaZulu-Natal: Perceptions, policies and practices (Doctoral dissertation, University of Zululand).
- ↑ https://uzspace.unizulu.ac.za/items/674f10cf-470b-4076-9fd4-6b713625d589