Abantu BaseNandi
AbakwaNandi bayingxenye yamaKalenjin, isizwe samaNilotic esihlala eMpumalanga Afrika . Isizwe samaNandi sihlala futhi sihlangana ngokusondelene futhi sihlobene nesizwe samaKipsigis . Ngokwesiko bahlala futhi basakha iningi ezindaweni eziphakeme zesifundazwe esasiyiRift Valley eKenya, endaweni namuhla eyiNandi County . Zikhuluma uNandi lwesigodi we ulimi Kalenjin .
I-Etymology[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ngaphambi komaphakathi nekhulu le-19, uNandi Chemwalindet (ip. Chemwalin noma uChemwal (pl. Chemwalek ) [1] ngenkathi eminye imiphakathi ekhuluma Chemngal . [2] Akucaci ukuthi la magama avela kuphi, yize emibhalweni yokuqala leli gama lakamuva lalihlotshaniswa ne- ngaal okusho ukuthi ikamela eTurkana futhi iziphakamiso zenze ukuthi igama lingaba "... libhekisele ekubolekeni, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile kwesiko lokusoka emakameleni agibele amaSulumane". [2] Imithombo yakamuva ayenzi iziphakamiso ezifanayo noma izinkomba ezifanayo kulesi sikhundla.
Igama elithi Nandi laqala ukusetshenziswa emuva maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka futhi lasetshenziswa kakhulu ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwe- Uasin Gishu kanye nomzila wabathengisi baseSwahili nabama-Arab. [3] Leli gama kucatshangwa ukuthi lisuselwa ekufaneni kobudlova bamaqhawe maphakathi nawo-1800 kuya emikhubeni ye-cororant evuthayo eyaziwa ngokuthi mnandi ngesiSwahili . [4]
Isikhundla sikaNandi nohlangothi kuKalenjin[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Abantu baseNandi bayingxenye yomfelandawonye wezinhlanga eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNilotic ezihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseMpumalanga Afrika esifundeni sase-African Great Lakes esaziwa ngokuthi iKalenjin . I Kalenjin zihlanganisa: uNandi, Kipsigis, Tugen, Okiek, Marakwet, Sengwer, Sabaot, Terik, Pokot futhi Sebei . I ukuhlanganyela kwathi Maliri abantu abavela eTopiya neSouth Sudan bafudukela ku-Uganda naseKenya, ngaleyo ndlela uxhumana ne Maasai futhi Iraqw abantu.
AmaKalenjin akhuluma izilimi zasendulo nesizwe ngasinye sinokuhlukahluka kwaso kepha bayakwazi ukuxhumana futhi baqondane. AbakwaNandi basebenzisa igama lesibizo elifana nazo zonke ezinye izizwe ngaphandle kweMarakwet amagama abo abantu aphendukezelwe ukuhlakanipha ngokobulili; lokhu kuthiwa kungenzeka kungenxa yokuqothulwa kohlanga okungenzeka ukuthi kuhlose abesilisa noma abesifazane baseMarakwet. ITheism iyafana kulo lonke elaseKalenjin futhi kuhlolisiswa ukuthi yavela emndenini wakwaKibasisek odabuka eMarakwet. Umndeni wakwaKibasisek otholakala kakhulu noma wonke amaKalenjin asabalalisa ukukhonzwa kwelanga (inkolo yase-Asiya). Kodwa-ke, ezinye izivivinyo zithola ukuthi iMaliri Kalenjin (Pokot noSebei) babhekane nenkolo yaku-Kalenjin (inkolo yamaTororutian).
Amagugu acishe afane eKalenjin kepha ukusoka akukho kwezinye izizwe. U-Kalenjin ngokwesiko angashada ngaphakathi kwe-Kalenjin njengokungathi kwakungaphakathi kwesizwe somuntu ngamunye. Imindeni ingatholakala ezizweni ezahlukahlukene ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amaKipsigis kanye namaNandi ayinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi okwenza bobabili babonakale njengabantu abangabodwa kuze kube manje. Isiko liyafana futhi amandla esiko anqamula kuwo wonke amaKalenjin. Systems yokuphathwa ayefana yonkana Kalenjin kodwa uNandi futhi Kipsigis kamuva waboleka Laibon wobukhosi ukuthumela kusukela Maasai futhi christened ke njengoba Orkoiyot e uNandi futhi Oorgoiiyoot eKipsigiis .
Umlando[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Inani eliphelele lamasiko ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa ukulandisa kokuHlaliswa kwaNandi kubonakala sengathi lavela njengomsuka wobunikazi obuhlukanisiwe bamaNandi emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi kungakadluli amashumi eminyaka akamuva wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ukuthuthukiswa kobunikazi bukaNandi kuxhumene ngaphakathi nokuhlala kweNandi County .
Ngekhulu le-19[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukuhlaliswa kukaNandi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Phakathi uNandi isiko, ukuba khona umahluko uNandi ungubani siqondwa njengoba inqubo ahlukile lapho ezihlukahlukene Kalenjin futhi Maa -speaking kwamaqembu wafika hlala khona usuku uNandi County. I-akhawunti yendabuko kaNandi ukuthi abafuduki bokuqala ezweni labo bavela e-Elgon ngesikhathi seMaina futhi kwakheka umndeni wakwaKipoiis; igama elingasho ukuthi 'imimoya'. Babeholwa owesilisa ogama lakhe linguKakipoch, umsunguli wengxenye yeNandi yaseKalenjin futhi kuthiwa bahlala e- emet (esifundeni) e- Aldai eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNandi.
Ucwaningo lwephethini yokuhlala luveza ukuthi izifunda eziseningizimu yizo ezaqala ukuxazululwa, i-emet yase-Aldai entshonalanga kanye ne- emet yaseSoyin empumalanga, yaba eyokuqala ukusungulwa. Kucatshangwe ukuthi i- pororosiek yokuqala kwakunguKakipoch e-Aldai naseTuken eSoyiin.
Kuyinto eyisimanga ukuthi Sirikwa izimbobo (olwaziwa uNandi njengoba mukowanisiek) bacishe lumane ezindaweni lokuqala ixazululwe, yilabo abakhona kuphela uNandi ophakeme uqobo. Nokho batholakala ngobuningi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeNandi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe- Emotinua[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Abafuduki bangaphakathi kanye nokwanda kwenani labantu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuholele ekwandeni ngasenyakatho kobunikazi obukhulayo ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Lesi sikhathi kucatshangwa ukuthi sabona ukuhlala nokusungulwa kwe- emotinwek yaseChesume, Emgwen neMasop. Ngalesi sikhathi bekuzobuye kusungulwe amanye ama- pororosiek .
Ukunwetshwa kokugcina kuzokwenzeka phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye lapho uNandi ethatha ithafa lase-Uain Gishu e- Uasin Gishu .
Inhlangano ye-Emotinua[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Uhlelo lwe- emotinwek lwenhlangano yendawo lwalufana kakhulu nolweminye imiphakathi yamaKalenjin. Insimu kaNandi kwase kuthi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda eziyisithupha ezaziwa ngokuthi i- emet (pl. Emotinwek ). Lawa kwakunguWareng, asenyakatho, iMosop esenyakatho-mpumalanga, iTindiret empumalanga, iSoyiin nePelkut eningizimu, i-Aldai neChesumei entshonalanga ne-Emgwen maphakathi. I- emotinwek ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda ezaziwa ngokuthi i- bororiet ( borororisiek ) kanti lezi bezihlukaniswe ngezigodi ezaziwa ngokuthi okwet ( okwotinwek ). Uhlelo lokuphatha iNandi lwaluhlukile kumaKalenjin ngokuba nohla lwezokuphatha lwe-bororiosiek.
Ngaphakathi kohlelo olubanzi lokuphatha lwaseKalenjin, iKokwet yayiwuphiko olubaluleke kakhulu kwezepolitiki nakwezobulungiswa mayelana nezinkinga zansuku zonke. Abadala okwet kwakungabaphathi bendawo ngokwabela umhlaba wokulima, futhi babeyisidumbu lapho ilungu elijwayelekile lesizwe lalizobheka kuye isinqumo engxabanweni noma enkingeni eyaphikisana nesisombululo ngokuvumelana okuqondile phakathi kwamaqembu. Ubulungu bomkhandlu we- kokwet butholwe ngobukhulu nangobuntu futhi ngaphakathi kwawo izinqumo zithathwa yidlanzana labadala igunya labo elisuselwa emandleni abo emvelo obuholi. Phakathi kukaNandi kodwa, iBororiet yayiyisikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu futhi uhlelo lwezepolitiki lwaluzungeza lona.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
INandi yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ibingumphakathi wamasosha ngokuyinhloko futhi nentuthuko encane yamasiko yabhekana nesikhathi esiningi. U-Hollis (1905) ubonile ukuthi "ubuciko bomculo abukafiki ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kuNandi".
Isimo senhlalo (bheka u- First Mutai no- Second Mutai ) siholele ekusungulweni kohlelo lokufunda olwaziwa nge- Kamuratanet olwalugxile kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izimpi, zombili ezazivikelayo nezicasulayo. Yahlukanisa ubulili besilisa babafana, amaqhawe nabadala ngenkathi ubulili besifazane buhlukaniswe ngamantombazane nabesifazane abashadile. Isigaba sokuqala saqala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa saqhubeka kwaze kwaba sethwasa.
Bonke abafana ababesokwa ndawonye kwakuthiwa bangabakwa-ibinda (iminyaka ebekiwe) futhi bake baba yizinsizwa ze- ibinda bafika eminyakeni yobudala, babenomsebenzi wokuvikela umhlaba wezizwe kanye nomphakathi, isikhathi lapho babephethe ukuvikelwa komphakathi sasaziwa njengeminyaka yaleyo ibinda . ibinwek eziyisishiyagalombili zeminyaka noma i-ibinwek , nokho uNandi korongoro ngesikhathi esithile ngenxa yenhlekelele. Inganekwane ithi amalungu ale ibinda aqothulwa empini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi batshelwa ukuthi bangayi kuleyo mpi kodwa abakwazanga ukulalela. Kuthiwa bona, lelo ibinda , korongoro babeka ezindlebeni zabo septook (izingcezu eziphukile zama-calabashes) ukugwema ukulalela amagama ahlakaniphile we- Orkoiyot . Ngesikhathi sempi abaphumelelanga. Ngenxa yokwesaba ukuphindeka, umphakathi uthathe isinqumo sokuthatha umhlalaphansi eminyakeni esethiwe.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ubunikazi bukaNandi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Bokuqala Ukukhuluma alotshiwe Arab mahele e uNandi ngomlomo idethi ibe 1850s phakathi nesikhathi lapho Sawe ibinda (ubudala isethi) ayengabantu abanamandla. Ukuthintana lokhu bekuphikisana nokugasela kwamahamba nendlwana okwenziwa ngamasosha kaNandi. Ngo-1854, igama elithi Mararma ("ongenandaba nomlilo") lase lidluliselwe kusethi encane yamaSawe mhlawumbe ngenxa yokugasela okuphumelelayo kwamaqembu ama-Arab noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwehlulwa okukhulu eKipsoboi .
Amaqhawe kaNandi ayengakaze ahlangane nesitha esasihlome ngezibhamu phambilini futhi kwakudingeka asungule amaqhinga amasha ezempi ukunqoba ukusebenza kwenani elikhulu lezibhamu. NjengamaMasai, amaqhawe adonsa umlilo wesitha ngokujaha okungazelelwe okuyisikhathi lapho aye khona "aya phansi." Ngemuva kwalokho amaqhawe akhokhisa abathwali bezindlwana ngaphambi kokuba izibhamu zifakwe ngomlomo. Abathwali bathwala izibhamu ezilayishwa kabusha zilandelwa eduze ngamaqhawe amaNandi futhi kulokhu kudideka, amaqhawe kaNandi ayengahola amadoda atatazelayo. Leli qhinga lizosetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuze kube yimpi yaseKimondi ngo-1895.
Ingxenye yesizathu sempumelelo kaNandi kwaba ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yayivela enyakatho-mpumalanga, kodwa ikharavani kwakudingeka ihambe izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokufika ezindaweni eziyinhloko zaseNandi. Lokhu ngokusobala kwakungathandeki njengoba izindwendwe zama-Arabhu zaziphambukisela empumalanga ziya eKavirondo naseMumias lapho kwakukhona khona ukudla nokuvikelwa.
Ngenxa yokulimala kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ukuhweba okuqondile kwaba nzima. AmaKharavani ayengavamisile ukungena noma ukukhempa eNandi futhi uhlelo olungajwayelekile "lomuntu ophakathi" lwavela ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1850. Abathenjwa bakwaSotik nabakwaDorobo baqashwa ukuba basebenze "njengabantu abaphakathi" abazohweba izimpondo zendlovu nezinye izimpahla ezisogwini ngezinkomo kuNandi ukuze bathumele ikhomishini enkulu. [3]
"Abadayisi base-Arab abasafufusa abanethemba lokugwema lolu hlelo bavame ukuba yizisulu zetulo likaNandi. Amasosha amadala aseNandi ayehlangana nekharavani elihlomile abatshele ukuthi ukutholakala okukhulu kwezinyo lendlovu kwakungohambo lwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela ukusuka kulendwendwe. Kodwa-ke, uNandi babezimisele ngokujabulisa iqembu elincane lama-Arab ukuze baxoxisane ngokuhweba. Ngokufanelekile, iqembu labesilisa abangamashumi amabili belizothunyelwa ngendwangu, ucingo nezinye izinto zokuhweba bese lihlaselwa yiNandi bese libulawa. " "Elinye iqhinga elalisetshenziswa uNandi kwakuwukuthumela iqembu elincane lamaqhawe ukuhola leli karavani elalizoba khona lize lingene ekujuleni kweNandi ngomgwaqo ongafanele bese lihlasela ebusuku. Abathengisi abangama-Arabhu bazama ngisho iqhinga elalisebenze nezinye izizwe, ubuzalwane begazi . Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukuhlala ngokubhekana, ukusika ngemuva kwesandla somunye nomunye nokumunca igazi esandleni somunye nomunye. UNandi akazange akholelwe emcimbini wakwamanye amazwe, futhi kwaba elinye iqhinga lokuthola kalula impahla yasogwini. " [3]
Ekhungathekiswe ukwehluleka, abathengisi base-Arabhu bazama iqhinga lokugcina. Basungula uchungechunge lweziteshi ezinezivikelo eziqinile eKimatke, eKibigori, eChemelil, eKipsoboi, naseKobujoi, base beqala umkhankaso wokusabisa. Izimbongolo zadedelwa ukuze zinyathele amasimu amabele, amahloni amaNandi ahlaziswa, abafana bakaNandi baboshwa, kwathi abesifazane namantombazane amaNandi badlwengulwa. E-Kipsoboi izihlangu ezine zikaNandi zaphakanyiselwa esihlahleni kwathi uNandi wanikezwa ithuba lokudubula imicibisholo ezihlangu. Lapho lokhu sekufeziwe, ama-Arabhu adubula amabhola e-musket ngezihlangu ezazimise imicibisholo. Ama-Arabhu abe esethela ubudlwangudlwangu emakhanda kaNandi abehambele lawo ashefa izingidi zawo eziyigugu.
Amaqhawe kaNandi ayesenele. Bacele imvume kuKaptalam Orkoiyot yokubulala ama-Arabhu. Wanikeza imvume, futhi okuthunyelwe kwahlaselwa. Amanye ama-akhawunti Orkoiyot Izintelezi zokwenza izinhlamvu zomvikeli zanyamalala, kanti abanye badumisa iphutha lomkhuzi wamasosha ukuhlinzeka izinhlamvu kubasolwa. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, ibutho laseKipsoboi labhujiswa. I-Nandi kiptaiyat (ama-raiding band) abe esehlasela ngempumelelo abulala ikamu laseKobujoi. Lokhu kwakwanele ukuphoqa abadayisi base-Arab ukuthi bahoxe kuNandi futhi bagweme indawo.
Ukwehlulwa kwama-Arabhu kwakha "inganekwane kaNandi." AbakwaNandi babengehlulwa. Abathwali bezimoto bebengaqashwa kanti nemikhankaso ibingengethulwa eNandi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amane. Amaqhawe kaNandi ame ngokuziqhenya aqhelelene nezehlakalo ebezizungeza kubo bezethemba ukuvikela inkululeko yabo. [3]
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukumelana noNandi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Emashumini eminyaka akamuva wekhulu le-19, ngesikhathi lapho abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu bokuqala beqala ukungena ngaphakathi eKenya, indawo yaseNandi kwakuyizwe elivaliwe iThompson ngo-1883 laxwayiswa ukuba ligweme izwe lamaNandi, elalaziwa ngokuhlaselwa abantu ongabazi kanye nohele oluzozama ukukhulisa imfumba enkulu yeMau. [5]
UMatson, kwi-akhawunti yakhe yokwenqaba, wakhombisa "ukuthi izenzo zokunganaki zabadayisi ababili baseBrithani, uDick noWest, zisheshe zacasula kanjani isimo esiyingozi phakathi kweNandi neBrithani engenayo". [6] Lokhu kungadala izingxabano ezingaphezu kweshumi eziholelwe ohlangothini lweNandi nguKoitalel Arap Samoei, uNandi Orkoiyot ngaleso sikhathi.
Udweshu luzophela ngomhlaka 19 Okthoba 1905, lapho uCol Richard Meinertzhagen efuna umhlangano wokuthula. Esikhundleni salokho, uMeinertzhagen namadoda akhe babulala uKoitalel kanye nethimba lakhe ngezizathu zalokho manje okuyiNandi Bears Club.
USosten Saina, umzukulu womunye wabaqaphi baka-Arap Samoei uphawula ukuthi "Babengabalelwa kwabangu-22 babo abaya emhlanganweni nomzuzu ngalolo suku. UKoitalel Arap Samoei ubelulekwe ngokuthi angaxhawulane ngoba uma enza kanjalo lokho kuzomnikeza njengomholi. Kodwa welule isandla wadutshulwa ngokushesha ". Kungekudala ngemuva kwalo mcimbi, iNandi Resistance yaphela futhi uNandi wahlanganiswa neBritish East Africa Protectorate.
Ikhulu lama-20[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Impi Yezwe I (1914-1918)[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Amarekhodi asemthethweni e-KAR akhombisa ukuthi bangu-1,197 sebonke abaqashwe ngesikhathi sempi.Ngaleso sikhathi inani labantu baseNandi lalilinganiselwa kubantu ababalelwa ku-40-50,000.Iningi lalabo ababeqashiwe kwakungelonyaka wakwaNyongi owawusungulwe phakathi neminyaka emine ngaphambi nje kwempi. UGreenstein (1978) ngemuva kwezingxoxo nezingqalabutho zempi wathola ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza empini akwenzi mthelela omkhulu kuNyongik, njengabaxhumanisi bezinguquko, maqondana nokuguqula izindlela zasentshonalanga.Futhi nemali etholwayo ayibonanga idala uthando ngomnotho osemthethweni futhi akuzange kwenziwe mzamo wokubamba iqhaza kwinqubo yezepolitiki.
Ngokwenhlalo, iNyongik yayiqaliwe ngaphambi nje kwezimpi, yingakho bahamba babuya bengashadile.Lokhu akuzange kuphazamise amaphethini ajwayelekile ngoba bekujwayeleke kakhulu kunokungajwayelekile ukuthi izinsizwa zilinde iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi komshado. Lesi sikhathi sisetshenziswe ukufuna ingcebo yomakoti, futhi ukukhonza empini kungashiwo ukuthi kufezile le nhloso. Kamuva izingxoxo nabomakadebona zikhomba ukuthi bamukelwe ngemfudumalo ngabazali nabantu besikhathi sabo. Futhi bebengabathandi abantu asebekhulile ababebalekele ubunzima benkonzo yamasosha, abanye babo ababeshadile futhi bathola izinkomo esikhathini esiphakathi.Empeleni, omakadebona bakubonile ukuthi bazwakalise ukubonga kubona ngokunakekela izinkomo zabo nenye impahla njengoba bebezungeza iTanganyika neMozambique .
Ngokomnotho, kuyaziwa ukuthi omakadebona abayitholanga impesheni njengoba bebekulindele kodwa babuya nemali yabo abayikhokhela emuva okwathi kwabanye kwabalelwa kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamarandi, okuyisamba esikhulu impela ngaleso sikhathi.Kuyaziwa ukuthi cishe bonke omakadebona ababebuya basebenzise umholo wabo emuva ukuthenga izinkomo, ezinye zazo kanye nemali kwakusetshenziswa njengomcebo womakoti.kwakunezimo zokuthengwa komhlaba emaphethelweni esiqiwu kepha lokhu kwakuncane.Njengoba uHulumeni ayehlukanise ingxenye yeNandi Reserve ingcindezi yabantu yayingakabi nkulu ngokwanele ukushiya iningi lamadoda lingenelisekile ngenani lomhlaba abangawuthola ngezindlela zendabuko. Kubhekwe ukuthi lapho kuthengwa khona kwenziwa kancane ngesisusa sezamabhizinisi kunangesifiso sokwandisa umhlaba wedlelo. [7]
Kwakukhona nezinguquko ezincane emaphethini wokuqashwa. Bambalwa uNandi phambilini abathola ukuthi amathuba emisebenzi ekhokhelwayo aheha ngokwanele ukushiya ayofuna imisebenzi. Isibonelo ngo-1914 kuphela i-100 kubantu abangu-45,000 ababeqashwe ngaphandle kwesiFunda. Izinombolo zikhuphuke zaya ku-352 ngo-1915/6 kanye no-612 ngo-1916/7, ikakhulu ngenxa yezidingo zesikhathi sempi seProtectorate kodwa ngo-1919 zase zibuyele ku-185. Ngenkathi umsebenzi wezempi uqhubeka ukhanga kulezi zinsizwa, inkonzo yomphakathi ayizange.UKhomishani wesiFunda kwakunzima ukuthi abeke ngo-1922 ngokwesibonelo ukukhiqiza izinsizwa ezingama-200 ezinamandla okuzosebenza ekwakhiweni komgwaqo wendawo.Uzophendukela ekubabumbeni ngaphansi kwe-'Native Authority Ordinance ', isekhula lezabasebenzi elidume kabi elabhalwa ngo-1919 ngaleso sikhathi owayengumbusi we-BEA u-Edward Northey.
Ngokwezepolitiki, kuyabonakala ukuthi iNyongik yabuye yangena ezinhlakeni zamandla endabuko ezindaweni ezifanayo naleyo ababeyishiye eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ngaphambili. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo, ubudala hhayi izinkanyezi nemivimbo ebalwa njengobukhulu.Izibopho nezibopho abaziphinde zaqala emindenini yabo, kubekwe iminyaka yobudala kanye ne-korotinwek okusho ukuthi izintshisekelo ezijwayelekile zabomakadebona zavumela izinhlangano zendabuko zendoda. UGreenstein uphawula ukuthi umqondo wenhlangano esemthethweni yama-veteran kubonakala sengathi awenzekanga noma mhlawumbe awuthandanga kubo.Ngisho nodaba lwempesheni aluzange lubangele iNyongik ukuba yakhe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlangano ebumbene. [7]
Umlando wakamuva[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Amasiko[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ezemidlalo[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Njengabanye oKalenjin, iNandi ikhiqize inqwaba yabasubathi baseKenya.Lapha kubalwa abagijimi bamabanga amade njengoKipchoge Keino wodumo (Kip Keino), osethole indondo yegolide eMexico (1968) naseMunich (1972) imidlalo yama-Olimpiki noProf. UMike Boit, indondo yeBronze eMunich 1972 Olimpiki.Abanye kubalwa uPeter Koech, uBernard Kipchirchir Lagat omele i-USA noWilson Kipketer owagijimela ikhaya lakhe lokutholwa laseDenmark. Ngokunjalo, abasubathi abanjengoPamela Jelimo,owesifazane wokuqala waseKenya ukunqoba indondo yegolide yama-Olimpiki, uWilfred Bungei, uRichard Mateelong noSuper Henry Rono, Inxusa Lokuzwana leZizwe Ezihlangene uPeter Rono, uTecla Chemabwai, umdlali waseKenya okhubazekile uHenry Kirwa phakathi kwabanye uNandi.Ubaba wabakwaKeeplechasers baseKenya u-Amos Kipwambok Biwott uqhamuka emphakathini njengoJulius Yego, ongowokuqala waseKenya ukunqoba indondo yegolide yeWorld Championships emcimbini obusenkundleni.
UJaneth Chepkosgei no- Eliud Kipchoge nabo bangoNandi.
Ezombusazwe[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Abantu bakwaNandi babe nabantu abadumile kwezepolitiki abanjengoJean-Marie Seroney,oyilungu lokuqala lePhalamende likaNandi noTindiret. USeroney waboshwa wavalelwa ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala iminyaka emithathu nohhafu ngenxa yokuvikela inkululeko yePhalamende ngesikhathi lapho laliba yingalo yeSigungu Esiphezulu. Usebenze kanzima ukwethula iMithethosivivinywa ezosusa noma okungenani ihlole amandla ngokweqile anikezwe uMongameli ngenxa yezichibiyelo eziningi kuMthethosisekelo waseKenya.Uphinde waletha uMthethosivivinywa wokuqala weLungu Elizimele ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetho lwaseKenya lukhululekile, alunankinga futhi lubandakanya wonke umuntu.Ngokunjalo futhi uNandi ubenabaholi abanjengoHenry Kosgey, elinye lamalungu ePhalamende (MP) asebenze isikhathi eside eKenya, uKimayo Arap Sego,uJoseph Arap Leting owaqala ukusebenza njengenhloko yezemiSebenzi kaHulumeni ngaleso sikhathi njengelungu lePhalamende.USamwel Ngeny, Kipruto Kirwa, Stanley Metto no-Ezekiel Barng'etuny, uDkt Joseph Misoy noWilliam Morogo SainaUGerald Nathaniel Kalya owayeyilungu lePhalamende laseMosop lokuqala futhi elisebenza isikhathi eside, uTamason Barmalel owayeyilungu lePhalamende laseChepalungu no- Isaac Ruto owayeyilungu lePhalamende laseChepalungu futhi kamuva, uMbusi weSifunda saseBomet kanye neNhloko yoMkhandlu Wababusi ngo-2013-2018. UWilliam Samoei Ruto njengamanje oyiPhini likaMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yaseKenya ungowokudabuka eKipsigis odabuka esigodini sakwaKomosi nohlu lozalo lwakhe aluthole kuSigowet-Soin .
Abezombusazwe besifazane bakwaNandi bahlanganisa uPhilomena Chelagat Mutai, isishoshovu sempilo yonke sokufakwa kwabesifazane kwezepolitiki nasemphakathini waseKenya,noSally Kosgei, owayeyilungu lePhalamende lase- Aldai .
Imithombo[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
- ↑ A. C. Hollis.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 A. C. Hollis.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Bishop, D. Warriors in the Heart of Darkness: The Nandi Resistance 1850 to 1897, Prologue
- ↑ Lagat, A. Arap, The historical process of Nandi movement into Uasin Gishu district of the Kenya highlands: 1906-1963, University of Nairobi online
- ↑ Pavitt, N. Kenya: The First Explorers, Aurum Press, 1989, p. 121
- ↑ Nandi Resistance to British Rule 1890–1906.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Greenstein. The Impact of Military Service in World War I on Africans: The Nandi of Kenya. Cite error: Invalid
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