Artemis Yesibili

I-Artemis yesibili iwuhambo oluhleliwe lokundiza okujikeleza enyangeni ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Artemis, oluhlelelwe ukunyakulwa kusuka esikhungwini Somkhathi iKennedy mhla zilu-1 ku-Ephreli 2026. Lolu hambo lezinsuku eziyishumi luzothwala osomkhathi be-NASA uReid Wiseman, uVictor Glover, noChristina Koch, kanye nosomkhathi weNhlangano Yezomkhathi YaseKhanada uJeremy Hansen, kumcibo wokubuya ngokukhululeka wokuzungeza inyanga bese bebuyela eMhlabeni. Kuzoba uhambo lwesibili lweLohlelo Lokunyakula Lomkhathi (SLS), lohambo lokuqala olunabaqhubi le ndizamkhathi iOrion, kanye nohambo lokuqala olunabaqhubi oluya ngale kozungezo olusezansi lo Mhlaba selokhu i-Apollo 17 yalwenza ngowe-1972.

Kulindeleke ukuthi lolu hambo luqophe umlando ukwedlula ezinye izinkambo zabantu zokundiza emkhathini. UGlover uzoba ngumuntu wokuqala onsundu, uKoch abe ngowesifazane wokuqala, uWiseman abe ngumuntu omdala kunabo bonke ozoshiya uzungezo oluphansi loMhlaba, bese uHansen yena abe yisakhamuzi sokuqala esingesona esaseMelika ukuya ngale kozungezo oluphansi loMhlaba nokuya eduze kweNyanga. Lolu hambo luzokwedlula ezinye izinkambo ngebanga lokundiza elingamakhilomitha ayizi-7,600 ngale kweNyanga kanye nesivinini sokubuya nokungena kumoyambulunga esiyijubane elingamakhilomitha ayizi-40,000ngehora.

I-Artemis yesibili iyisivivinyo sokundiza esisekela izinkambo ezilandelayo zohlelo i-Artemis, ezihlelelwe ukubuyisela abantu ebusweni benyanga ngowezi-2028 okokuqala ngqa kusukela ohlelweni lwe-Apollo . Lolu hambo ekuqaleni lalubizwa ngokuthi i-Exploration Mission-2 ( EM-2 ) futhi ekuqaleni laluhloselwe ukusekela i- Asteroid Redirect Mission eyekiwe manje, eyyiaphakanyiswe ngowezi-2013. Izinhloso zalo zabuyekezwa ngemuva kokusungulwa kohlelo lwe-Artemis ngowezi-2017. Izimpokophelo zohambo zifana nezohlelo le- Apollo 8 yowe-1968, okwaba uhambo lokuqala oluzungeza iNyanga ngesikhathi sohlelo lwe-Apollo. Kodwa-ke, umcibo wayo wokubuya ngokukhululeka ohleliwe ufana kakhulu nalowo owenziwa yi -Apollo 13 .

Umlando

Ukuhlelwa kohambo kanye nokukhethwa kosuku lokunyakula (2017–2021)

Ngowezi-2017, i-Exploration Mission-2 kwakuluhambo oluzonyakulwa kanye-vo loHlelo Lokunyakula Lomkhathi (SLS) ngesicibamkhathi iBlock 1B olusigaba saphezulu sokuhlwaya (Exploration Upper Stage), sendizamkhathi ebizwa -1 Orion. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi izohlangabezana nomhlabana ozobe uzungeza inyanga futhi osomkhathi benze untantamkhathi futhi baqoqe izangulo.^[1] Kodwa ngo-Ephreli 2017 kwapheziswa lokho, futhi kwaphakanyiswa uhambo lwezinsuku eziyisi-8 weqembu losomkhathi abane, bathunyelwa ngoomcibo wokubuya ngokukhululeka ekuzungezeni iNyanga.^[2] ^[3]

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezigcoyi, ukuhlolwa kanye nokudidiyelwa (2021–kufika manje)

Abaqhubi be-Artemis yesibili bamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli 3, 2023, nguMqondisi we-NASA uBill Nelson ngesikhathi ekhuluma "ngobunjalo be-NASA" esikhungweni se-NASA e- Ellington Field ngaphandle kwaseHouston, eTexas,^[4] futhi iqembu labonakala emphakathini ngalobo busuku enkundleni ebizwa -NRG Stadium eseduze ngesikhathi kunomdlalo woomqhudelwano webhola leqoma obizwa kaMashi Madness 2023. ^[5]

Mhla zili-18 kuJanuwari wezi-2026, isicibamkhathi se-SLS esididiyelwe, nemboma ye-Orion, kanye nombhoshongo wokunyakulwa kwakhishwa kusukela eSakhiweni Sokuhlanganisa Izithuthi zayiswa eNdaweni yokunyakula ebizwa Launch Complex 39B. ^[6]

NgoMashi wezi-2025, umagazine i-AmericaSpace wabika ukuthi usuku lokunyakula lungase lusheshiswe ngezinyanga ezimbili kuze kube uFebhuwari wezi-2026. I-NASA yaphendula ngephumamlonyeni, ithi ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa usuku olubuyekeziwe kodwa yaphawula yathi, "Sifuna izindlela zokuvumela ukunyakulwa okuseduze, uma kungenzeka, mhlampe sinyakule ngokushesha nje ngoFebhuwari wezi-2026. Ukunyakula ngoFebhuwari kuvumela inhlangano ukuthi isebenzise kahle ukuhamba kwemisebenzi ukuhlanganisa isicibamkhathi se-SLS, indizamkhathi ye-Orion, kanye nokusekela izinhlelo zomhlaba ngenkathi igcina ukuphepha kwabasebenzi njengento eza kuqala."^[7] Ngo-Agasti wezi-2025, izikhungo eziningi ezidumile njenge- NASApaceflight, intatheli u -Eric Berger kanye neSenator waseMelika kanye nowayengusomkhathi uMark Kelly nabo babika ukuthi uhambo seluhlehliselwe kuFebhuwari wezi-2026.^[8] NgoSepthemba, izikhulu zenhlangano yomkhathi zamemezela ukuthi ziphishekela ithuba lokunyakula elizovulwa ngoFebhuwari 5, wezi-2026. ^[9]

Mhla zingama-21 kuFebruwari, kwabonakala inkinga yokugeleza kwehwelanga, okwabangela ukubuyela emuva ku-VAB futhi kwahlehlisa uhambo kuze kube ngu-Ephreli.^[10] Ukubuyela emuva kwaqala mhla zingama-25 kuFebruwari. Umphathi we-NASA uJared Isaacman wathi usuku lwangempela lokunyakula luzoqinisekiswa kuphela ngemva kokuba ukuqedwa kokuzilolonga ngokuphumelelayo.^[11]

Ukunyakulwa

NgoMashi 12, ngemuva kwe- Flight Readiness Review (FRR), kwamenyezelwa ithuba lokunyakula lamahora amabili ayisikhombisa kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya ku-6 kanye no-Ephreli 30, futhi ithuba lokuqala lizovela mhla zilunye kuEphreli 2026.^[12]^[13] Mhla zili-18 kuMashi, 2026, abakwaNASA bamemezela ukuthi uhlelo lokunyakula isicibamkhathi iArtemis yesibili nendizamkhathi luzokhiswa luyiswe endaweni yokunyakula ngosuku olulandelayo, khona esikhungweni Sezomkhathi sikaKennedy esiseFlorida. Ngaleso sikhathi, osomkhathi be-Artemis yesibili babeziqhingile eHouston, ukuze baqikelele ukuthi bayiqemane ngaphambi konyakulo.^[14] Mhla azingama-20 kuMashi kwaba nokuphazamiseka ngenxa yezivungu ezinamandla,^[15] kodwa uhlelo lokunyakula lwayiswa endaweni yokunyakula okwesibili.^[16] Uhambo lwanyakulwa mhla zilunye kuAphreli 2026, ngehora leshumi ebusuku (22:35:12 UTC). Kwaba ukunyakulwakuqala okunosomkhathi okwenziwa yi-LC-39B selokhu iSTS-116 yenzeka ngowezi-2006.

Abaqhubi

Uhlelo le-Artemis yesibili lizoqhutshwa osomkhathi abane: umlawuli uReid Wiseman, umshayeli wendiza uVictor Glover, kanye nongoti wohambo uChristina Koch, bonke abavela kwa-NASA, kanye nongoti wohambo uJeremy Hansen weNhlangano Yezomkhathi yaseKhanada.^[17] Mhla zingama-22 kuNovemba wezi-2023, uJenni Gibbons waqokwa njengomsizi kaHansen, kwathi mhla zi-3 kuJulayi wezi-2024, u-Andre Douglas waqokwa njengomsizi wosomkhathi abathathu be-NASA. UGlover uzoba ngumuntu wokuqala onsundu, uKoch abe ngowesifazane wokuqala, kanti uHansen abe ngowokuqala ongeyena umMelika. UHansen noGibbons, bobabili abavela eCanada, bakhethwa yiNhlangano Yezomkhathi yaseKhanada njengengxenye yesivumelwano sowezi-2020 phakathi kweMelika nelaseKhanada esenza kwaba lula ukubamba iqhaza kwabo ohlelweni lwe-Artemis.^[18] ^[19] Lolu hambo luzoqopha umlando wokuba nabantu abaningi emkhathingeni ngesikhathi esisodwa, ekuqaleni kwakunabathathu ngesikhathi se -Apollo 8 ngowe-1968.

Imithombo

↑ https://www.space.com/20612-nasa-asteroid-capture-mission-explained.html
↑ https://spacenews.com/nasa-closing-out-asteroid-redirect-mission/
↑ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasas-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to-mars/
↑ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-announces-the-astronaut-crew-for-artemis-ii-lunar-flyby/
↑ https://twitter.com/Astro_Christina/status/1645612953259974657
↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/science/nasa-artemis-ii-rocket-moon.html
↑ https://www.americaspace.com/2025/03/22/nasa-accelerates-artemis-2-by-two-months/
↑ https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2025/08/artemis-ii-astronaut-interviews/
↑ https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/09/nasa-targeting-early-february-for-artemis-ii-mission-to-the-moon/
↑ https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/missions/2026/02/21/nasa-troubleshooting-artemis-ii-rocket-upper-stage-issue-preparing-to-roll-back/
↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/science/nasa-artemis-ii-rocket-moon.html
↑ https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-now-targeting-april-1-for-artemis-ii-launch-around-the-moon/
↑ "NASA Now Targeting April 1 for Artemis II's Launch Around The Moon". spacepolicyonline.com. March 12, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 14, 2026.
↑ "NASA Finalizes Artemis II Rollout, Crew Begins Quarantine". NASA. March 18, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 18, 2026.
↑ "Artemis II Moon Rocket Heads Back to Launch Pad". NASA. March 20, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 20, 2026.
↑ "NASA's Artemis II Rocket Arrives at Launch Pad 39B". NASA. March 20, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 20, 2026.
↑ https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-names-astronauts-to-next-moon-mission-first-crew-under-artemis
↑ https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/03/world/artemis-2-astronaut-crew-scn/index.html
↑ https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/nasa-moon-astronauts-artemis-ii-mission-rcna255621

[1] ttps://www.space.com/20612-nasa-asteroid-capture-mission-explained.html

[2] ttps://spacenews.com/nasa-closing-out-asteroid-redirect-mission/

[3] ttps://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/nasas-first-flight-with-crew-important-step-on-long-term-return-to-the-moon-missions-to-mars/

[4] ttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-announces-the-astronaut-crew-for-artemis-ii-lunar-flyby/

[5] ttps://twitter.com/Astro_Christina/status/1645612953259974657

[6] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/science/nasa-artemis-ii-rocket-moon.html

[7] ttps://www.americaspace.com/2025/03/22/nasa-accelerates-artemis-2-by-two-months/

[8] ttps://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2025/08/artemis-ii-astronaut-interviews/

[9] ttps://arstechnica.com/space/2025/09/nasa-targeting-early-february-for-artemis-ii-mission-to-the-moon/

[10] ttps://www.nasa.gov/blogs/missions/2026/02/21/nasa-troubleshooting-artemis-ii-rocket-upper-stage-issue-preparing-to-roll-back/

[11] ttps://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/science/nasa-artemis-ii-rocket-moon.html

[12] ttps://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-now-targeting-april-1-for-artemis-ii-launch-around-the-moon/

[13] "NASA Now Targeting April 1 for Artemis II's Launch Around The Moon". spacepolicyonline.com. March 12, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 14, 2026.

[14] "NASA Finalizes Artemis II Rollout, Crew Begins Quarantine". NASA. March 18, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 18, 2026.

[15] "Artemis II Moon Rocket Heads Back to Launch Pad". NASA. March 20, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 20, 2026.

[16] "NASA's Artemis II Rocket Arrives at Launch Pad 39B". NASA. March 20, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 20, 2026.

[17] ttps://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-names-astronauts-to-next-moon-mission-first-crew-under-artemis

[18] ttps://www.cnn.com/2023/04/03/world/artemis-2-astronaut-crew-scn/index.html

[19] ttps://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/nasa-moon-astronauts-artemis-ii-mission-rcna255621

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