Aysha bibi

U-Aisha-Bibi ( Kazakh) uyi-mausoleum yekhulu le-11 noma le-12 yowesifazane ohloniphekile etholakala edolobhaneni lase-Aisha Bibi, Template:Convert/km entshonalanga yase- Taraz, Kazakhstan kuSilk Road . Idume endaweni njengesikhumbuzo sothando nokwethembeka.

umklamo

Ngokusho kwenganekwane, i-mausoleum yakhiwe umbusi we-Karakhanid Dynasty ngengoduso yakhe enhle u-Aisha-Bibi, indodakazi yembongi yamaSufi uKhakim-Ata . I-Mausoleum sika yezakhiwo amafomu kanye umhlobiso asikhumbuza esihle lace. Isakhiwo sonke simbozwe ngamathayili e- terracotta aqoshiwe esebenzisa amaphethini e-geometric ezimbali ahlukene angama-60 kanye ne-calligraphy eyenziwe ngesitayela. ^[1] U-Aisha Bibi uyinzalo eqondile yesitayela ye- Samanid Mausoleum e- Bukhara . ^[2]

Isayithi

U-Aisha Bibi uyingxenye yesakhiwo esikhudlwana. Amamitha ayishumi ukusuka kude kune-mausoleum yesibili ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Babaji Khatun ("indlovukazi ehlakaniphile"), futhi ngaphesheya komgwaqo kunomhume we-limestone ongcwele. Kanye nendawo engadini nendawo yokupaka bakha itshe lesikhumbuzo likazwelonke. Isakhiwo sibekwe onqenqemeni olubheke i-oasis yase-Taraz ukusuka entshonalanga.

I-Typology

I-mausoleum yonke imbozwe ngamaphaneli e-terracotta asiza ukudala inkohliso yobuningi obujwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwe-Islamic. Umhlobiso we-terracotta ubuye usebenzise ukukhanya nesithunzi kunombala, isitayela sangaphambi kwe-Mongol. Ngokusebenza, lolu hlobo lomhlobiso luhlakaza ukukhanya ukuze umbukeli angaphuphutheki njengoba angase asuke odongeni olunombala okhanyayo elangeni eligcwele. Amakholomu ekhoneni akheke ngemuva kwamakholomu okhuni asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-Soghdian pre-Islamic. Kukhona ibhande le-calligraphy endaweni yokuvinjelwa kukholamu ngayinye. Ngokuvamile bachaza ubuhle buka-Aisha Bibi nothando nje jikelele. Enye yama-distich amadala ifundeka kanje: “Ikwindla. . . Amafu. . . Umhlaba muhle".

Izinto zokwakha

USauran clay wayevame ukwenza izitina kukokubili okwangempela nokubuyiselwa kwe-Aisha Bibi.

Umlando

Lentokaza enhle eneminyaka engu-16 ududala, u-Aisha-Bibi, ubenehora elilodwa kusukela ekuhlanganeni nesithandwa sakhe. Wayethandana no-emir kaTaraz futhi wayefuna ukumshada, ngokuphambene nezifiso zikayise, ngakho washiya ikhaya lakhe e-Otrar nomhlengikazi omanzi. Ngasekupheleni kohambo lwabo, labesifazane bobabili bema ogwini emfuleni wase-Assa ukuze bageze. Ngenkathi ephuma emfuleni, wathatha izingubo zakhe futhi walunywa yinyoka leyo eyase ingene ezingutsheni zakhe, esasemanzini. Ukulunywa kwakubulala futhi wafa emva kwalokho.Le-Emir yayibuyela kusukela kumishini yezempi ezohlangana naye kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu. Wathi makwakhiwe ithuna kumkhumbula nothando lwabo lwaphakade.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje

Le ndawo ibihlonishwa kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Abesifazane bendawo base-Taraz Oasis basathandazela izingane nomndeni ojabulayo. Kuwumkhuba kwabasanda kushada e-Taraz ukuthi inyunyana yabo ibusiswe yizithandani ezingasekho. Isiko labo lilingisa inganekwane. Ngemva komcimbi iphathi yomshado ilandelela uhambo luka-Karakhan olusuka e-Taraz luya endaweni okwashonela kuyo ingoduso yakhe. Uhambo luqala eKarakhan Mausoleum e-Taraz luphele e-Aisha Bibi, endaweni ngayinye umakoti nomkhwenyana bahlonipha izithandani ezifile futhi bacele isibusiso sabo.

Isazi semivubukulo saseRussia uV. V. Bartold ube usosayensi wokuqala ukuqopha nokufunda ngo-1893. I-Soviet Union yakha igobolondo lengilazi elivikelayo ukuze kulondolozwe itshe lesikhumbuzo (c 1960) futhi wayisebenzisela ukufundisa abafundi eTaraz nezokuvakasha . Ngo 2000, iRiphabhulikhi ye-Kazakhstan yakhokhela u-Nishan Rameto ukubuyisela i-Aisha Bibi futhu wakha ingqalasizinda yepaki elizungezile. Shoqan Walikhanov wapenda itshe lesikhumbuzo emsebenzini wakhe ngo-1856.