IKhongo-Kinshasa

IKhongo-Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo (isiFulentshi)
Isaga: Justice – Paix – Travail (isiFulentshi) "Justice – Peace – Work"
Inkondlo: "Debout Congolais" (isiFulentshi) "Arise, Congolese"
Isiqongo (futhi idolobha elikhulu)		Kinshasa
Uhulumeni
-	Umongameli	Félix Thisekedi
-	Ungqongqoshe phezulu	Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde
Ubukhulu
-	Jikelele	2,345,409 km2 (11) 905,355 sq mi
Inani labantu
-	2011 ukulinganisa	71,712,867 (19)
-	Ixuku labantu	29.3/km2  75.9/sq mi
Imali		iFranki weKongo (CDF)

IKhongo-Kinshasa (ngokomthetho: iRiphabhuliki yeNtandoyeningi yaseKhongo, ngesiFulentshi: Republique democratique du Congo) iyilizwe empakathi kwe-Afrika enemingcele neKhongo-Brazzaville ngasentshonalanga, i-Khabinda (inxenye ye-Angola) ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga, iRiphabuliki yaseMpakathi Afrika neNingizimu Sudani ngasenyakatho, i-Uganda, iRwanda, iBhurundi, neThanzaniya (ngaphesheya kweLwandle Thanganyika) ngasempumalanga, iZambhiya ne-Angola ngaseningizimu. Ngenani yabantu eyizigidi eziyi-124 ekhuluma isiFulentshi (ulwimi olusemthethweni) njengolwimilwesibili noma lwasekhaya, iKhongo-Kinshasa yilizwe elihamba phambili ngenani labakhulumi besiFulentshi emhlabeni wonke futhi nangobungakho bendawo (amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-2.345, lokho lwesibili e-Afrika nalwesishumi nanye emhlabeni ngobungakho bendawo). Kukhulunywa izilwimi zomdabu ezindlula 200 - kuzo isiLingala sihamba phambili ngenani labakhulumi.

Abazingeli baseMpakathi Afrika bebangabahlali abangabantu bokuqala ukuhlala eKhongo-Kinshasa, kusukela iminyaka endlula izinkulungwane engama-90 endlule. aboBantu baqale ukuhlale khona iminyaka engaphakathi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nezintathu ezandlule. Ngasentshonalanga, Umbuso waseKhongo wawubusa umlomo womfula Khongo kusukela ikhulu le-14 kufika kwikhulu le-19. Empakathini nasempumalanga, imibuso yaseMwene Muji, Luba naseLunda yayikhona phakathi kwekhulu le-15 kanye nele-19. Ngenxa yenhlaselo yesiziba somfula seKhongo yabadlibezwe baseYurophu, lamazwe awisiwe. uMkhandlu waseVienna we-1885 uvume ukuthi amanye amazwe aseYurophu ngeke avimbe iNgonyama uLeopold wesiBili waseBhelijiyamu ukudla umhlaba waseKhongo; ngaleyomvumo usungule iKhongo Free State. Enkathini yombuso wakhe, uLeopold ubulele abantu abandlula u-Adolf Hitler ngenkathi yamaNazi eJalimani. Futhi, umbuso wakhe wawumubi kangangokuthi abantu (kusukela izingane kufika kwabadala) banqanyulwe izandla nemilenze umabangavuni injoloba yomuthi. Ububi nenkohlakalo yombusi wakhe wawumangalisa kangangokuthi umbuso waseBhelijiyamu umthathele amandla okuphatha, ngalokho yaba yikoloni ngokomthetho waseBhelijiyamu. iKhongo ufumane igunya lokuzimela ngo-1960. Kodwa esinye isigaba sezinkinga saqala mhla kubulawa kukaNdunankulu weKhongo-Kinshasa uPatrice Lumumba ngabaseBhelijiyamu nabashokobezi baseKatanga ngenxaso ye-CIA (isiPhathimandla esiNgqangi seNhlolo seziFundazwe eziHlangeneyo). Lokho kuholele ekutheni uMobutu Sese Seko abambe izibopha zombuso ngodlame futhi amise umbuso wemphoqo eKhongo-Kinshasa (ewaliguqula igama ku-Zaire).

Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yaseRwanda (eholele ekubulaweni kwentathu lenxenye yenani labantu baseRwanda ngenxa yodlame yamaHutu kumaTutsi eyabangwa ngabaseBhelijiyamu), abadingakukhuselwa babeleke khona. Lokhu kulethe ukungazinzi ekubange iMpi yokuQala yaseKhonga (1996 kufika ku-1997) eyabandakanya iRwanda eyayihlasele impuma lalelizwe ukuqeda abashokobezi kanye ne-Uganda, iBhurundi, i-Angola kanye Eritrea. Phezu kwalokho ubuntenge bombuso kaMobutu okubangwe ngukugula kwakhe, kuholele ekutheni uLaurent-Desire Kabila amenule uSese Seko. Igama lezwe labuyiselwa kuKhongo. Kungasikudala (unyaka owodwa impi yokuqala iphela, kwaqala iMpi yesiBili yaseKhongo eholele ekubulaweni kukaMengameli uLaurent-Desire Kabila kanye nokubhubhiswa ngedlame kwezigidi zabantu. Indodana yakhe, uJoseph Kabila, ulethe isimo sokuthula esasincono kepha ukuchaphazwa kwamalungelo wabantu kwaqhubeka njengokubopha okungekho emthethweni, ukushababaliswa kwabantu ngemphoqo, ukuhlukumeza ngokulimaza abantu, kanye nokukhawulo izinkululeko zabantu. Ngama-2019, uFelix Tshisekedi ungene embusweni mhla uKabila ehla esikhundleni sikaMengameli - ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqala okwenzeke ngokuthula okuqala emlandweni walelizwe. Nakuba kunjalo, amaqembi ahlomileyo ayi-120 asaqhubeke ukusebenza nokuzala udlame, kakhulu empuma kwezwe (amanye ngenxaso yamazwe angaphandle kakhulu iRwanda) njenge-Goma eyahlaselwa kabili yiqembu le-M23 Fighters ngezi-2012 nase-2025. iNingizimu Afrika ithumele amajoni ayizi-2,900 ukugcina nokuphoqelela ukuthula eMpumalanga Khongo-Kinshasa imishumi emibili yeminyaka njengelunga yemikhankaso yeZizwe eziHlangeneyo kanye noBumbano wase-Afrika kodwa ngenxa yokubulawa kwamajoni ngezi-2025 ngenxa yeM23 eyaxhaswa yiRwanda, uMengameli Cyril Ramaphosa uhoxe wonke amajoni aseNingizimu Afrika.

Nakuba inothile ngokwezinsiza zemvelo iKhongo impofu futhi isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lentuthuko ukudlula cishe amazwe wonke emhlabeni ngenxa yokungazinzi okwezombangazwe, ukungabi nengqalasizinda enele, inkohlakalo enganamkhawulo, kanye nemikhulu yokuphucwa yincgebo nokusetshenziswa kabi ngenxa yokudliwa kwezwe kanye nokusebenza kwezinkampani zaseNtshonalanga komhlaba. Ngendumazo, iKhongo-Kinshasa iyisibonelo esiqhakambisiwe sesiqalekiso sezinsiza. Imikhiqizo emqoka eKhongo-Kinshasa iyizinsiza ezingasetshenzwanga zomhlaba (inxenye endlula amaphesenti 80% yendayiso kwezizwe ezinye iqukatha izinsiza ezingasetshenzwanga; umthengi ohamba phambili uyiShayina). NgokwesiBalo seNtuthuko yaBantu, iKhongo-Kinshasa isezingeni eliyi-171 ezizweni ezi-193 - izinga ephansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yemishumi emibili yeminyaka yempi, isigidi sababaleki baseKhongo sihlala emazweni angabomakhelwane noma aseduze nanamuhla (i-Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society isola ukuthi izinkulungwane ezingama-300 yamaKhongo-Kinshasa ihlala eNingizimu Afrika). Isiqongo yiKinshasa, kodwa kukhona amanye amadolobha amakhulu njengeLumumbashi neMbuju-Mayi. Izigidi ezimbili zezingane zaseKhongo sibhekane nokukhanakala kwendlala, futhi abantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa abanzinzanga ngoba besuswe udlame ezindlini zabo. iKhongo-Kinshasa iyilunga yeZizwe eziHlangeneyo, uBumbano waseAfrika, uMphakathi waseNingizimu laseAfrika weNtuthuko, iNhlangano yeZizwe eziKhuluma isiFulentshi, kanye noMphakathi owoMnotho weZizwe zaseMpakathi yeAfrika.