IRiphabhuliki wephalamende
IRiphabhuliki yephalamende igama lohlobo lukahulumeni. Lendlela yokwenza isetshenziswa emazweni amaningi.
Ukwakheka
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Kwindlela yasephalamende, izishayamthetho inxenye kahulumeni ebeka imithetho. Izishayamthetho ziphinde zinikezele ngamandla kwi-executive (inxenye kahulumeni eyenza isiqiniseko sokuba imithetho iyalandelwa). Lokhu kungukwakheka okulula kweriphabhuliki yephalamende. Umehluko indlela izishayamthetho ezithola ngayo amandla. Izishayamthetho kaziqokwa ngobusayo noma kusukela ekuzalweni njengamakhosi. Abahlali balelozwe ibona abakhetha izishayamthetho ngokuvota. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-executive ithola amandla wayo kwizishayamthetho, kodwa izishayamthetho zona zithola amandla wazo kubantu.
Isebenza kanjani na?
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Abantu baqoka izishayamthetho. Baningi abantu abakwizishayamthetho. Labobantu babe sebehlanganyela baqoke oyedwa ozoba ngumholi wabo. Umholi ujwayele ukuba ilunga lezishayamthetho. Igama la lesisikhundla nguPrime Minister emazweni amaningi. U-Prime Minister ngumholi kahulumeni. Lomuntu nguyena ohola izwe. Ngalendlela, abantu banamandla ngemuva kweriphabhuliki yephalamende. Ibona abakhetha imikhakha ezokwenza uhulumeni asebenze ngendlela efanele.
Lendlela yokwenza ihlukile kwezinye izindlela zasemaphalamende ngoba izishayamthetho ziqokwa ngendlela ehlukile. Kwezinye izindlela zasemaphalamende, amalunga aqokwa ngumholi wezwe, abaholi bomdabu, noma ngokuzalwa. Kwiriphabhuliki yephalamende, ngabantu abaqoka amalunga. Abantu bakwenza lokhu ngokuvota. Kwezinye izikhathi bavotela wonke umuntu osephalamende. Kwezinye izikhathi bavotela abantu bangakubo. Osopolitiki ababavotelile bayahamba beye ephalamende beyobeka imithetho baphinde baqoke umholi wezwe. Lokhu kunikeza abantu amandla okukhetha ukuba ngubani ozongena kuhulumeni.
Umzekelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]| Izwe | Ukuqala kweriphabhuliki yephalamende |
|---|---|
 Albania
|
1991 |
 Bangladesh
|
1991 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1991 |
 Botswana
|
1966 |
 Bulgaria
|
1989 |
 Cape Verde
|
1990 |
 Croatia
|
2000 |
 Czech Republic
|
1993 |
 Dominica
|
1978 |
 East Timor
|
1999 |
 Estonia
|
1991 |
 Ethiopia
|
1991 |
 Finland
|
1919 |
 Germany
|
1949 |
 Greece
|
1975 |
 Hungary
|
1990 |
 Iceland
|
1944 |
 India
|
1950 |
 Iraq
|
2005 |
 Ireland
|
1949 |
 Israel
|
1948 |
 Italy
|
1946 |
| Kiribati
|
1979 |
| Kyrgyzstan
|
2010 |
 Latvia
|
1991 |
 Lebanon
|
1941 |
 Libya
|
2012 |
 Lithuania
|
1991 |
| Macedonia
|
1991 |
 Malta
|
1974 |
 Marshall Islands
|
1979 |
 Mauritius
|
1992 |
| Federated States of Micronesia
|
1986 |
 Moldova
|
1994 |
 Mongolia
|
1949 |
 Montenegro
|
1992 |
| Nauru
|
1968 |
 Nepal
|
2008 |
 Pakistan
|
2010[1][2] |
 Poland
|
1990 |
 Samoa
|
2007 |
 San Marino
|
0301 |
 Serbia
|
1991 |
 Singapore
|
1995 |
 Slovakia
|
1993 |
 Slovenia
|
1991 |
 Somalia
|
2012 |
 South Africa
|
1961 |
 Trinidad and Tobago
|
1976 |
 Turkey
|
1946 |
 Vanuatu
|
1980 |
Izinkomba
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ By Kiran Khalid, CNN (2010-04-09). "Pakistan lawmakers approve weakening of presidential powers". CNN.com. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2010-04-14.
- ↑ "'18th Amendment to restore Constitution' | Pakistan | News | Newspaper | Daily | English | Online". Nation.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2010-04-14. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2010-04-14.