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ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba

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ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba
Usungulo 1978 (48 years ago) (1978)
Indawo yokusungula Galápagos Islands
Uhlobo Izindawo eziphawulekayo ze-UNESCO nezindawo ezivikelwe ngokomthetho
elihlozingayo Ukuvikela izindawo eziphawulekayo ze-UNESCO
Isifuda esikhonzayo
 uMhlaba wonke
Indikimba eyinhloko
 UNESCO

ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba ziyizindawo eziphawulekayo nezindawo ezilondiwe ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano samazwe omhlaba esiphethwe yI-UNESCO ngenxa yokubaluleka kwazo okungokwesiko, ngokomlando, noma ngokwenzululwazi. Lezi ziza zibhekwa njengeziqukethe "ifagugu elingokwesiko nelingokwemvelo emhlabeni wonke elithathwa njengegugu elivelele kubantu".[1]

Ukuze sikhethwe, iSiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba sizoqokwa yizwe elisisingethe futhi sicutshungulwe yiKomidi leFagugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO ukuba ibe uphawu lezwe oluyingqayizivele oluzohlonzwa ngokomchazamhlaba nangokomlando, nolubaluleke ngokukhethekile ngokwesiko noma ngokoqobo, futhi lube ngaphansi kwesimiso esanele sokuvikelwa ngokomthetho. IZiza Zefagugu Lomhlaba zingase zibe amanxiwa asendulo noma izakhiwo ezingokomlando, izakhiwo, izidlavela, izingwadule, amahlathi, Iziqhingi, amachibi, isikhumbuzo, izintaba, izindawo zasehlane, izindawo zesikhumbuzo[2] nezinye.[3][4]

ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba singase sibonise imfezo ephawulekayo yesintu futhi sikhonze njengobufakazi bomlando wobulumuko besintu emhlabeni, noma singase sibe yindawo yobuhle obukhulu bemvelo.[5] NgoJulayi wezi-2026, kunesamba seZiza Zefagugu Lomhlaba eziyi-1,273 ezikhona emazweni ali-173.[6]

Iziza zihloselwe ukulondolozelwa izizukulwane, ngale kwalokho zingase zibe sengozini yokuphulundlelwa abantu noma izilwane, ufikelelo olungalusiwe, olungalawulekile noma olungavinjelwe, noma usongo lobudedengu bohlelokulawula lendawo. Iziza zahlukaniswa yi-UNESCO njengezindawo ezivikelwe.[1] Uhlu Lweziza Zefagugu Lomhlaba lugcinwe Uhlelo Lwefagugu Lomhlaba (-World Heritage Program) ephethwe yiKomidi leFagugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO, elakhiwa "amaqembu amazwe" angam-21 akhethwa uMgwamanda Wesizwe Ezihlangene futhi alulekwa ngesibuyekezo sethimba longoti bamazwe omhlaba kwezomlando wemvelo noma wamasiko, kanye nemfundo.[7]

Lolu hlelo lujenganisa, amagama, futhi lugcina iziza ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingokwesiko noma ezingokwemvelo esikweni nefagugu elivamile labantu. Uhlelo lwaqala ngeSivumelwano Esiphathelene Nesilondolozo Sefagugu Lomhlaba Elingokwesiko Nelingokwemvelo (Convention Concerning of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage), [8] esamukelwa yiNkomfa Evamile yeUNESCO ngo-16 November 1972. Kusukela lapho, amazwe ali-196 acikice lesi sivumelwano, okwenza kube esinye sezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba eziqashelwa kabanzi kanye nohlelo lwezesiko oluthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.[9][10]

uMlando

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Indabuko

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Isibhebhe seSiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba se-UNESCO eTakht-e Soleymān eIran

Ngowe-1954, uhulumeni waseGibhithe wanquma ukwakha idamu eliphakeme laseAswani elisha, isiphetho sechibi laso sangomuso kwakuzoba ukukhukhula ingxenye Enkulu yesigodi seNayili esasiqukethe amagugu angokwesiko eGibhithe lasendulo nombuso waseNubiya wasendulo. Ngowe-1959, uhulumeni waseGibhithe nowaseSudani wacela iNhlangano yeZizwe EziHlangene Yezemfundo, Inzululwazi Nezamasiko (UNESCO) ukuba ibalekelele ukuba bavikele futhi batskule isikhumbuzo neziza ezisengozini.

Ngowe-1960, uMqondisi-jikelele we-UNESCO wanyakula uMkhankaso Wamazwe Omhlaba wokonga isikhumbuzo zaseNubiya.[11] Lomkhanoaso waholela ekumbiweni nasekuwoshweni lweZiza ezingamakhulu, ukubuyiswa kwamalondolondo ayizinkulungwane, kanye nokubuyiselwa ngaphezu komhlaba kwamathempeli ambalwa. Ityempeli elidumile kulawa elise-Abu Simbel naseFilae. Lo mkhankaso qaphela ngowe-1980 futhi wathathwa njengoyimoumelelo. Ukuze kubongwe amazwe anikela kulomkhankaso oyimoumelelo, elaseGibhithe lanikela ngamaThemoeli amane; iThempeli eliseDenduri elayiswa kuSigxibamagugu Sezobuciko esiseNew York, iThempeli laseDebodi layiswa eMadridi, iThemoeli likaTaffeh layiswa eLeideh, iThemepeli likaEllesyia layuswa eTurini.[12]

Lo mklamo wadla imali engamadola yezigidi ezingama US$80 eyaqoqwa emazweni angama-50.[13] Impumelelo yalomklamo yaholela kwesinye imikhanjaso yokuvikela, efana nokongowa koMtate waseVenisi, kwelaseItaliya, amanxiwa aseMohenjo-daro ePakistani, namaThempeli aseBorobodur kwealse-Indonesia. Ngokubambisana noMkhandlu Wamazwe Omhlaba Wezikhumbuzo Neziza, iUNESCO yasungula isivumelwano sokulondoloza ifagugu Lomhlaba.[13]

Amaphatho

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  1. 1 2 "World Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020.
  2. ↑ "World Heritage Site Typology". World Heritage Explorer. World Heritage Explorer. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 April 2026.
  3. ↑ Sullivan, Ann Marie (2016). "Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past". John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law. 15: 604–46. Archived from the original on 5 April 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 11 April 2018 – via UIC Law Open Access Repository.
  4. ↑ Allan, James R.; Kormos, Cyril; Jaeger, Tilman; Venter, Oscar; Bertzky, Bastian; Shi, Yichuan; MacKey, Brendan; Van Merm, Remco; Osipova, Elena; Watson, James E.M. (2018). "Gaps and opportunities for the World Heritage Convention to contribute to global wilderness conservation". Conservation Biology (journal). 32 (1): 116–126. Bibcode:2018ConBi..32..116A. doi:10.1111/cobi.12976. PMID 28664996.
  5. ↑ "Criteria for Selection". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 October 2006.
  6. ↑ "World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 27 July 2026.
  7. ↑ "The World Heritage Committee". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 October 2006.
  8. ↑ "Convention Concerning the Protection of World's Cultural and Natural Heritage" (PDF). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 May 2020.
  9. ↑ "States Parties – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 31 October 2011. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 1 November 2024.
  10. ↑ Edmondson, Jordan & Prodan 2020.
  11. ↑ "Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "The Rescue of Nubian Monuments and Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 May 2020.
  13. 1 2 "The World Heritage Convention – Brief History / Section "Preserving cultural heritage"". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 17 July 2019.
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