IViyena

Ibalazwe leViyena, iyidolobha elikhulu nenani labantu elingu-2,042,036 enyakeni engu-2026

IViyena (isiNgisi: Vienna; isiJalimane: Wien; isiViyena: Wean) iyisiqongo sase-Ostriya. Idolobha leli elikhulu lisempumalanga yase-Ostriya enkabeni yezwekazi laseYurophu. Kukhona ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili eViyena kanjalo iyidolobha lesihlanu ngobukhulu ngenani labantu e-European Union futhi iyidolobha leshumi ngobukhulu ngenani labantu ezwekazini laseYurophu. IyiGlobal City kanjalo kukhona indawo yezinhlangano njenge-United Nations.

Izifunda nemvelo

Coat of Arms

IViyena isehlangothi oluyimpumalanga lwase-Alps (izintaba eYurophu) futhi idabulwa ngomfula omkhulu iDanube. Kukhona ibhande yemvelo emaphethelweni wasedolobha. Intaba ephakheme ekhulu kunazo zonke izintaba ezincane ezinye edolobheni leli ibizwa iHermannskogel namamitha angu-544 ngaphezulu kolwandle esifundeni esibizwa iDöbling enyakhatho yaseViyena. Izintaba ezinye ezidume esifundeni iDöbling zibizwa iKahlenberg, iLeopoldsberg futhi iCobenzl. Enyakhatho yasedolobha leli ezifundeni iDöbling kanti iFloridsdorf kulinywa amagilebhisi ewayini futhi. Uhlangothi oluyimpumalanga lwomfula iDanube luyingxenye yasesifunda esikhulu iMarchfeld kanti lubizwa iTransdanubien, kukhona izifunda ezibizwa iFloridsdorf kanti iDonaustadt. Lesi sifunda esikhulu sidume ngokulinywa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemifino. Entshonalanga yaseViyena kukhona ihlathi elikhulu elibizwa iLainzer Tiergarten ehlalwa ngezilwane eziningi njengezingulube zasendle, izinyamazane zaseYurophu, izimpungushe futhi izinhlobo zamalulwane ezihlukahlukene. Eningizimu-mpumalanga kukhona ihlathi elikhulu elibizwa iLobau, ingxenye yepaki yezwe iDonau-Auen, ehlalwa ngezilwane amabhiva nezimfudu.

IViyena inezifunda ezingamashumi amambili namthathu. Lezi zifunda zibizwa futhi zinamanombolo:

Izifunda zaseViyena

Amanombolo	Amagama	Inani labantu (2025)	Izindaba ngezifunda	Izithombe
1.	I-Innere Stadt (inkaba yasedolobha)	16,281	Iyinkaba yasedolobha nesakhiwo seSonto likaSaint Stephan (buka isithombe). Esifundeni lesi kukhona izivakashi eziningi 'nsuku zonke ukubona izakhiwo ezidala, ngesibonelo emgwaqeni obizwa iRing. Izindawo zokuphumula ziyiStadtpark, iBurggarten kanti iVolksgarten.	IStephansdom
2.	ILeopoldstadt	112,675	Iyisifunda empumalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kuhlala umphakathi wabaJuda waseViyena futhi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula i-Augarten kanti iPrater nehlathi elikhulu futhi neSondo elikhulu laseViyena (buka isithombe).	ISondo elikhulu laseViyena ePrater
3.	ILandstraße	98,881	Iyisifunda eningizimu yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona indawo yokuphumula eyipaki ebizwa iSchweizer Garten futhi kukhona iNqaba yeBelvedere (buka isithombe) nengadi yezitshalo.	iNqaba yeBelvedere
4.	IWieden	33,444	Iyisifunda eningizimu yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona isakhiwo seSonto esidume iKarlskirche (buka isithombe).
5.	IMargareten	54,581	Iyisifunda eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona indawo yokuphumula eyipaki ebizwa iBruno-Kreisky-Park futhi indlu eqaphelwa kahle iyiVorwärtshaus (buka isithombe).
6.	IMariahilf	31,083	Iyisifunda entshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona iZoo yolwandle (buka isithombe).
7.	INeubau	31,330	Iyisifunda entshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona amasiko amaningi athuthukayo. Abantu bayithanda iMuseumsquartier khona, iyindawo nezigcinamagugu, futhi kukhona ithiyeta yomphakathi (buka isithombe).
8.	IJosefstadt	24,242	Iyisifunda entshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha futhi iyisifunda esincane kunazo zonke izifunda ezinye ngobukhulu bendawo. Esifundeni lesi kukhona ngesibonelo isakhiwo seSonto esiqaphelwa kahle iPiaristenkirche Maria Treu (buka isithombe).
9.	I-Alsergrund	41,664	Iyisifunda enyakatho yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kugcwele abafundi basenyuvesi futhi khona isakhiwo seSonto esidume iVotivkirche (buka isithombe), isibhedlela esikhulu saseViyena futhi indawo yokuphumula eyipaki ebizwa i-Arne-Karlsson-Park.
10.	IFavoriten	223,190	Iyisifunda eningizimu yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona amasiko amaningi athuthukayo futhi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iLaaer Wald (ihlathi laseLaa), iVolkspark Laaerberg, iWienerberg futhi iKurpark Oberlaa. Isakhiwo esiqaphelwa kahle singumbhoshongo wamanzi (buka isithombe).
11.	ISimmering	112,149	Iyisifunda eningizimu yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona isakhiwo seSonto esihle iSonto likaKarl-Borromäus (buka isithombe) emangcwabeni amakhulu waseViyena.
12.	IMeidling	102,393	Iyisifunda eningizimu-ntshonalanga yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona isakhiwo esihle iNqaba yaseHetzendorf (buka isithombe).
13.	IHietzing	56,108	Iyisifunda esicebile entshonalanga yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iLainzer Tiergarten nezilwane kanti nenqaba ebizwa iHermesvilla, iHörndlwald, iHimmelhofwiese, iRoter Berg (intaba ebomvu) futhi iKüniglberg. Kukhona iZoo yaseViyena futhi iNqaba yaseSchönbrunn (buka isithombe).
14.	IPenzing	99,049	Iyisifunda entshonalanga yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iSophienalpe, iWolfersberg, iSatzberg, iParadies, iDehnepark futhi iSteinhofgründe nesikhiwo seSonto esihle iKirche am Steinhof (buka isithombe).
15.	IRudolfsheim-Fünfhaus	75,902	Iyisifunda esimpofu entshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona indawo yokuphumula eyipaki ebizwa i-Auer-Welsbach-Park. Isakhiwo seSonto esikhulu siyisakhiwo seSonto Maria vom Siege (buka isithombe) eliseduze isiteshi sesitimela sasentshonalanga esikhona esifundeni lesi futhi.
16.	I-Ottakring	102,727	Iyisifunda entshonalanga yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona indawo yokuphumula i-Ottakringer Wald (ihlathi laseOttakring) nemifunda yezimbali. Endaweni leyo kukhona iNqaba yaseWilhelminenberg (buka isithombe) ngokunjalo.
17.	IHernals	56,767	Iyisifunda enyakatho-ntshonalanga yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iSchafberg, iHeuberg, iMichaelerwald, iSchwarzenbergpark futhi iHameau. Kukhona isakhiwo esihle iNqaba yaseNeuwaldegg (buka isithombe).
18.	IWähring	51,376	Iyisifunda enyakatho-ntshonalanga yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula ipaki ebizwa iTürkenschanzpark, iDorotheawald futhi iPötzleinsdorfer Schlosspark neNqaba yasePötzleinsdorf (buka isithombe).
19.	IDöbling	76,074	Iyisifunda esicebile enyakatho yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izintaba ezincane eziningi njengeHermannskogel, iLeopoldsberg, iKahlenberg kanti iCobenzl futhi kulinywa amagilebhisi ewayini ezintabeni lezo. Kukhona isakhiwo sokuhlala esidume iKarl-Marx-Hof (buka isithombe).
20.	IBrigittenau	86,950	Iyisifunda esimpofu enyakatho yenkaba yasedolobha. Esifundeni lesi kukhona isakhiwo seSonto esikhulu iBrigittakirche (buka isithombe).
21.	IFloridsdorf	189,551	Iyisifunda enyakatho yaseViyena futhi iyingxenye yaseTransdanubien. Esifundeni lesi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iBisamberg, i-Alte Donau kanti iDonauinsel futhi ezindaweni iStammersdorf kanti iStrebersdorf kulinywa amagilebhisi ewayini. Isakhiwo seSonto esikhulu siyisakhiwo seSonto endaweni iDonaufeld (buka isithombe).
22.	IDonaustadt	228,158	Iyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke izifunda ezinye ngobukhulu bendawo kanti ngobukhulu ngenani labantu. Esifundeni lesi bekwakhwa izindawo ezintsha iSeestadt Aspern kanti iDonauCity nemibhoshongo iDC-Tower1 (buka isithombe) futhi uMbhoshongo weDanube. IDonaustadt iyingxenye yaseTransdanubien futhi kukhona izindawo zokuphumula iLobau, i-Alte Donau kanti iDonauinsel.
23.	ILiesing	123,714	Iyisifunda eningizimu yaseViyena. Esifundeni lesi kukhona indawo yokuphumula iMaurer Wald (ihlathi laseMauer) futhi izakhiwo zokuhlala ezidume iWohnpark Alterlaa (buka isithombe).
Lonke inani labantu eViyena (2026)		2,042,036

Umlando wedolobha

AmaRoma baqamba idolobha elibizwa iVindobona ekhulwini leminyaka lokuqala emva ukuzalwa kwakaKristu yakhona esifundeni sesithathu sesimanje.

AmaBabenberger baqamba izwe elibizwa liyi-Ostarrichi enyakeni engu-976 futhi iViyena yachazwa sekuyisiqongo sasezwe leli enyakeni engu-1155 nguHeinrich Jasomirgott. INyuvesi yaseViyena yasungulwa enyakeni engu-1365 ngamaHabsburger.

Enyakeni engu-1529 kwakwenzeka ukuvimbezela kwamaTheki kwokuqala futhi enyakeni engu-1683 kwakwenzeka ukuvimbezela kwamaTheki kwesibili.

Emva kwempi yomhlaba yokuqala enyakeni engu-1920 iViyena yachazwa isifundazwe esitsha maphakhathi nesifundazwe iLower Austria. Ngaphambi kwempi yomhlaba yesibili enyakeni engu-1938 bekukhethwa ukukhulisa idolobha ngokuchaza izindawo ezizungeze idolobha njengengxenye yalo kuze abantu bashintsha ukunwetshwa enyakeni engu-1954 njengokunwetshwa kwamanje.

Kwamanje iViyena ichazwa idolobha nezinga lempilo eligcono kunawo wonke amadolobha kuwo emhlabeni wonke ngokuvamile.

Izakhamuzi nomphakhathi

Enyakeni wangu-1870 iViyena yayidolobha lesine ngobukhulu ngenani labantu emhlabeni wethu wonke – emva kwamadolobha iLondon, iParisi kanti iNew York. Enyakeni wangu-1910 iViyena yanazo ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili ngisho, kodwa yazilahleka izakhamuzi eziningi ngoba izimpi zomhlaba ezimbili. Kusukela ngoSepthemba wenyaka engu-2023 kukhona ngaphezulu izakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezimbili eViyena futhi.

Kusukela iViyena ikhona abantu abahlukahlukene bathuthela enkabeni leyo elibalulekile. Imiphakhathi emikhulu kunayo yonke imiphakhathi eminye bangabantu baseSerbiya, baseTheki kanti baseJalimane.

Kukhona abantu banezinkholo ezihlukahlukene eViyena, amalungu bangaphezulu bangamaKristu kodwa kukhona amaSulumane amaningi ngokunjalo. EViyena kwakhona umphakhathi omkhulu wamaJuda. Kuphela amaJuda amayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa bahlala eViyena kwamanje, esifundeni sesibili (iLeopoldstadt) kakhulukazi, ngoba impi yomhlaba yesibili.

Indlela yokuphatha

Iqembu lezepolitiki lentando yeningi lenhlalo (SPÖ) liyanqoba zonke izinkhetho kusukela ngo-1919 edolobheni leli.

IViyena inezokuthutha zomphakathi ezihle kakhulu namabhasi kanti nezitimela eziningi.

Umkhakha wezomnotho obalulekile kungezokuvakasha ngabantu abavela amazwe amahlukahlukene ngoba ukubaluleka kwomlando kwedolobha leli futhi ukubaluleka kwesiko kwedolobha leli.

Izinto ezikhangayo

Enkabeni yasedolobha kukhona indlu ye-opera yezwe, ihholo elikhulu ledolobha, isakhiwo sephalamende, indlu yethiyeta yezwe, isakhiwo seyunivesi ekhulu, inqaba yombusi wangaphambili, izigcinamagugu ezihlukahlukene futhi izakhiwo zeSonto ezihlukahlukene njengeSonto likaSaint Stephan.

Ezindaweni ezizungeze inkaba yedolobha kukhona iNqaba yaseSchönbrunn, iNqaba yeBelvedere, iSondo elikhulu laseViyena, uMbhoshongo weDanube eTransdanubien, indlu kaHundertwasser, inqaba ebizwa iHermesvilla eLainzer Tiergarten futhi indawo yokubuka iViyena ngaphezulu intaba ebizwa iKahlenberg.

Izakhiwo ezihle zeSonto ezinye ziyiKarlskirche, iVotivkirche, iPeterskirche, iSonto eSteinhof, iSonto likaSaint Francis waseAssisi futhi iSonto likaKarl Borromäus emangcwabeni amakhulu eningizimu yaseViyena.

Isiko ledolobha

AmaViyena bathanda ukuphuza ikhofi ezindleni ezithile ukuphuza ikhofi kuzo. Ukudla okudume kwaseViyena kuyiSchnitzel futhi iKaiserschmarren.

Kwakukhona abantu abaningi abalulekile ngomlando wesintu somhlaba bangaphambili baseViyena. Bangabaqambi, bangabaculi, bangabadwebi futhi bangososayensi ngesibonelo.

Njalo ngo-Juni kwenzeka umcimbi omkhulu womculo eceleni kwomfula uDanube obizwa iDonauinselfest.