Imboma yomkhathi

Imboma ebizwa-Crew Dragon isondela ku-ISS ngoMashi wezi-2019.

Imboma yomkhathi iyindizamkhathi eklanyelwe ukuthutha izimpahla, izcanso yenzululwazi, kanye nosomkhathi ukuya nokubuya emkhathini. Izimboma ziyahlukaniswa kwezinye izindizamkhathi ngekhono lokusinda ekungeneni kabusha futhi zibuyisele umthwalo ebusweni boMhlaba kusuka kuzungezo noma uzungezo oluphansi, futhi zihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezindizamkhathi ezivuselelekayo (isb. imikhumbimkhathi ) ngesimo sazo esibuthuntu, ezingenamaphiko. Ngokuvamile ziqukethe isivamelo esanele ukuze zibuye ngokuphephile.

Izindizamkhathi ezinosomkhathi eziyizimboma ezifana ne-Soyuz noma i-Orion zivame ukuba nezingosana ezizixhasayo, kwesinye isikhathi sijotshelelwa ngengosana eceleni uma zizoba semkhathini isikhathi eside. Imboma yomkhathi enosomkhathi kufanele ikwazi ukulondoloza impilo esimeni esinekhoza nemiyonzi esiyilinya lomkhathi. Imboma yomkhathi ingasetshenziswa kanye njengeSoyuz, noma isetshenziswe kaniningi njengeDragon 2.

Izimboma ziyimiklamo yezindizamkhathi ezithwala osomkhathi eziningi, nakuba umkhumbimkhathi othwala abantu obizwa Space Shuttle, nawo uke wandiza ozungi. Izibonelo zezimboma zomkhathi ezithwala osomkhathi zihlanganisa iSoyuz, iShenzhou, ne-Dragon 2.

uMlando wezimboma ezinosomkhathi

iVostoki

Imbma yomkhathi iVostoki

Imboma yokuqala ethwala osomkhathi yezwe loBumbano leSoviet. Ukundiza kokuqala emkhathini kwenziwa ngayo imboma ebizwa Vostok 1, futhi kwafezwa mhla zili-12 kuApril we-1961, ithwele usomkhathi uYuri Gagarin.

Imoma yokuqala yayiklanyelwe ukusebenza njengesithwebuli sokuqala saseSoviet, sohlelo lezisivoko ezincondayo, ezibizwa Zenit futhi kwakuzoba indizamkhathi ethwala osomkhathi. Lokhu kusetshenzisezwa kabili kwakubalulekile ukuze iqembu lamakhomanisi lizuze ukwesekwa kwaloluhlelo. Le mboma yayinesihlalo esisodwa esingamamitha amane ubude esinesinzima esingamathani ama-4.73 lapho inyakulwa.

iVoskhodi

The Voskhod space capsule, as shown in two variants

Umklamo weVostoki waguqulwa ukuze kube lula ukuthwala osomkhathi abambalwa ohlelweni lweVoskhodi. Ixobongo elingaphakathi elisasiqonqlozi lafakelelwa ngexobongo elingunxande elingathwala osomkhathi abathathu abahlezi, noma osomkhathi ababili abahlukaniswa iskhweqe somoya phakathi kwabo, ukuze bakwazi ukuphuma ngamunye aye phandle. Kwakukhona nesicibamkhathi esimfakela esisebenzisa isivamelo esinqumile ngaphezi kwengosana.