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Inkambiso

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Imvunulo yomdabu eyingxenye yinkambiso yaseKhongo

Inkambiso (noma umdabuko) iwuhlelo lwezinkolelo noma ukuziphatha (isiko lomdabu) efundiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu labantu noma umphakathi enomqondo ongokomfanekiso noma ukubaluleka okukhethekile okusukela emandulo.[1] Isigcoyi zokuvezwa kwesiko nezinganekwane, sinezibonelo ezivamile ezihlanganisa imivalo (imikhosi) noma izingubo ezingagqokwa njalo kodwa ezibalulekile emphakathini (njengebheshu noma ungiyane), kodwa lo mbono uphinde usebenze lapho kukhulunywa ngenjwayelo yezenhlalo nokuziphatha okunjengokubingelela. Izinkambiso zingaphikelela futhi ziguquke phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Igama elithi inkambiso ngokwalo livela egameni eliyisenzo sesiZulu esithi hambisa ngokwezwi nezwi esisho 'ukwenza okuthile kuhambe, kugobhoze kuqhubeke ngendlela ethile'. Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi izinkambiso zinomlando wasendulo, izinkambiso eziningi zasungulwa ngebomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elombusazwe noma elingokwesiko, ezinkarhini ezimfushane zesikhathi. Uqeqesho oluhlukahlukene lakwangqondonkulu nalo lusebenzisa leli gama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Inkulumo ethi "ngokwenkambiso" noma "ngokwesiko" ngokuvamile isho ukuthi lokho okulandelayo kwadluliswa ngomlomo futhi akunasisekelo (futhi kungase kuphikiswe) nobufakazi obuqinile. Lapha, elithi "inkambiso" lichaza umthombo noma isimo sokwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Ngokwenkambiso, uMvelinqangi wavela kuqala, kodwa konke okunye kwadala nguye. Iveza ukuthi lenkambiso akululanga ukuyiqinisekisa noma ukuyiphikisa. Esinye isibonelo sithi, "INkosi u-Arthur, ngokusho komlando, uyinkosi yeqiniso yaseBrithani, ngokomlando, wagqugquzela izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo". Ukuthi lenkulumo isekelwa ubufakazi noma cha akunciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo njengomlando ongokwesiko noma unucikomazwi.[2]

Izinkambiso ziyizihlokondaba zokufunda emikhakheni eminingana yakwangwondonkulu, ikakhulukazi kwezoluntu nenzululwazi yezenhlalo, kuhlanganisa nomchazaluntu, ezemivubukulo, umlando, kanye nomchazanhlalo. Umqondomsuka othi inkambiso, uyisicabango sokubambelela esikhathini esedlule, uyatholakala futhi enkulumweni yezombusazwe nenjulalwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, uyisisekelo somqondo wezombusazwe womyamuva wenkambiso (traditionalism conservativism), kanye naahlelo ezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba kufaka phakathi ubuKhatolika obungokwenkambiso . Ezindaweni zobuciko, inkambiso isetshenziselwa ukunquma imiboniso efanele yohlobo lobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqhogoyweni kweminxa yendabuko (njengomdanso wendabuko), ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezilawula ukuthi uhlobo lobuciko kufanele luqanjwe kanjani kunindima ebaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okuthandwa ngumqhogoyi. Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela ukulahleka kwenkambiso, ezihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwezimboni, ukumbulungisa uhwebo, kanye nokuphokothelwa noma Ukucwaswa kwamaqembu amasiko athile. Ekusabeleni kulokhu, imizamo yokulondoloza inkambiso kanye nemiklamo eqaliwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlozinge ezicini ezifana nezilimi zendabuko. Inkambiso ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomgomo wesimanje futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinkambo, amagume, imithetho, izinjwayelo, izimpikelelwana, iziqondiso nemibono efanayo.

Incasiselo

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Traditional dress and arts, such as in this performance of Traditional Hindi Drama -- the performance of tradition through folklore, reinforces the stories and memory reinforces the concept of tradition, and its importance in local communities.

Igama lesiZulu elithi inkambiso livela esenzweni esithi hambisa, esisho indlela Izinto ezihanjiswa ngayo, zenziwe ngayo. Leyo ndlela luvame ukuba eyomdabuko, ingakho kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza elithi umdabuko noma umdabu lapho kukhulunywa ngezinkambiso. Elinye igama elihobne ngelithi inkambo (custom), noma imhbo, womabili anomsuka wegama elinomsuka wegama hambisa elithi hamba. Ukuhlobama kwalamgama kwenza asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa uluchaza inkambiso kuba ngelithi isiko, nelithi umkhuba. Isisazthu esenza lamagama asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana ukuthi amagama amaningi esiZulu awanayo incazelo noma umqondo oqondile. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa elithi inkambiso nelithi umdabuko ukukhuluma nge-tradition.

Esinye isizathu esenza kusebenze amagama ahlukene ukuchaza inkambiso ukuthi kunezinto eziningi eziyingxenye yayo: ezifana nezinkolelo, amasiko enziwayo wamanje nawasendulo, konke osekuphenduke inkambiso futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuze kube namuhla.

Inkambiso ingabhekisela nasezinkolelweni noma emihambweni yasendulo languna, enendabuko eseyalahleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkambiso zazidluliswa ngomlomo, singekho isidingo sokuloba phansi. Izinsiza zokwenza lokhu zazihlanfanisa izaga, izifenqo, izinganekwane, izinongo nezihayo. Zonke ziyingxenye yinkambiso yomlomo futhi zonke zaqanjwa ngabantu. Izinkambiso zivame ukuba ezasendulo, ezingaguqulwa futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kwesinye isikhathi zingeyoba into engokwemvelo.[3][4] Kuqazikelwa ukuthi kudingeka izizukulwane ezintathu zokudlulisa umkhuba, inkolelo noma into ukuze ithathwa njengengxenye yenkambiso.[5] Ezinye izinkambiso zasungulwa ngebomu ngesizathu esithile, ukuze kugqanyiswe ubumqoka besikhungo esithile bona Iqiniso elithile.[6] Izinkambiso zigaguqulwa ukuze zifaneleke isidingo zosuku, futhi izinguquko zingamukelwa njengengxenye yenkambiso yasendulo.[3][7] Inkambiso iguquka lusilili, futhi izinguquko zayo kusuka kwesinye izizukulwane kuya kwesinye zithathwa njengezibalulekile.[8] Kanjalo, labo ababambele enkambisweni, kuyebzeka bangaqapheli ukuthi inkambiso seyiguqukile, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka yaguqulwa, kubona kusafana ayibonakali iguqukile.[8]

Kukhona izisuso nemikhakha eminingi yenkambiso; futhi singasho lokhu:

  1. izindlela zobuciko befagugu zesiko elithile.[9]
  2. izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa imiphakathi nawohulumeni efana namaculo esizwe, nemivalo yomphakathi.[3][4]
  3. izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa ihlelo lenkolo namabdnala anomlando ofanayo, nezimfundiso ezifanayo.[10][11] Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bakhuluma ngenkambiso yobukristu noma inkambiso yobusulane.
Inkambiso ebizwa slametan ewumcikilisho owandulela ukuzila kweRamadan uhlonipha obabamkhulu neRamadama eBanyumas, e-Indonesia

Izinto eziningi, izinkolelo nemikhuba kungaba ezenkambiso.[12] Imicikilisho yokwenanana ngokwenhlalo ingaba yinkambis, ukudlulisa imibongo, nokuthumela amakhadi osuku lokuzalwa nokufisela izilokotho ezinhle njll.[12][13][14] Inkambiso ingabe ihlanganise okwenziwa amaqembu amakhulu (njengokubuthana komndeni ngoKhisimuso), izinhlangano noma imiphakathi (njengezinsuku zikazwelonke nemivalo).[3][4] Ezinye izinlambiso ezindala zihlanganisa ubuthixomunye, ubusakhamuzi.[15]

Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso

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Igama elithi Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso, libhekisela ezimeni lapho umkhuba omusha noma into entsha ingeniswa ngendlela eyixhumanisa nezolo.[16] Inkambiso ingadalwa ngebomu futhi iqhakanjiswe kuye ngezimfuno zomuntusiqu, ezentengiselwano, ezombusazwe, nomba izimfuno zesizwe, njengoba kwakunjalo eAfrika Ngenkathi yabaqoneli; noma inkambiso ingemukelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesenzakalo esiqhakanjiswe kakhulu esisodwa, kunokuba ikhule futhi isakazeke ngokwemvelo kubantu, njengokugqoka ingubo emhlophe yokushada, okwegqanyiswa iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi uVitoriya ngemuva kokuyigqoka lapho eshada nonkosana uAlbert waseSaxe-Coburg.[17]

Esinye isibonelo sokuqanjwa kwesiko kungaba ukwakhiwa kabusha KwesiGodlo saseWestminster]] (esihlalisa iPhalamende laseBrithani) ngokwesiko lamaGothic. Ngokufanayo, iningi lezinkambiso eziyamaniswa nobukhosi boMbuso Ohlangene, ezibonwa sengathi zingokomlando omude, zaqala ngekhulu le-19. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso eAfrika nakwezinye izondawo eziqonelwe. UTerence Ranger, encwadino ethi The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa, [18] uthi lapho abaqoneli befuna ukubusa ngokomthetho babeqamba inkambiso abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bazenza bafanelekele isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwelana ngokobukhosi kungathiwa kuyinkambiso ngenjongo yokuvuna lowo ohambisana nabo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziqambo zazisekelwe enkambisweni ethile, Kodwa zazinehaba, zihlanekezelwe, noma zichemile nencazelo yabo.

Izinkambiso eziqanjiwe ziyisogcoyi esiyonhloko samasiko ezizwe anamuhla, njengoba ziletha ukufana okuthile futhi ziqhakambisa ubunye bobuhlonzi besizwe ovugqugquzelwa ubuzwe.[19] Izibonelo zihlanganisa imivalo yomphakathi (eyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe), ukuhlatshelelwa kweculo lesizwe, nezidlo zomdabu zesizwa. Abafuduki nemiphakathi yazifiki ingaqhubeka nokugcina izinkambiso zesizwe zasekhaya.

Amaphatho

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  1. ↑ Thomas A. Green (1997). Folklore: an encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, music, or art. ABC-CLIO. p. 800. ISBN 978-0-87436-986-1.
  2. ↑ "Tradition Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary". The Britannica Dictionary. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. According to tradition, the goddess lies sleeping beneath the mountain.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hobsbawm 2–3
  4. 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "HobsbawmRanger-3-4".
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Shils2006-15".
  6. ↑ Hobsbawm 1
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "slang".
  8. 1 2 Shils 14
  9. ↑ Lilburn, Douglas (1984). A Search for Tradition. Wellington: Alexander Turnbull Library Endowment Trust, assisted by the New Zealand Composers Foundation. ISBN 0-908702-00-0. Template:Page needed
  10. ↑ Michael A. Williams; Collett Cox; Martin S. Jaffee (1992). Innovation in religious traditions: essays in the interpretation of religious change. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-11-012780-5.
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Giddens2003-39".
  12. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Shils2006-12".
  13. ↑ Pascal Boyer (1990). Tradition as truth and communication: a cognitive description of traditional discourse. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-521-37417-0.
  14. ↑ Handler, Richard; Jocelyn Innekin (1984). "Tradition, Genuine or Spurious". Journal of American Folklore. 29.
  15. ↑ Shils 16
  16. ↑ Hobsbawm 1–2
  17. ↑ Ingraham, Chrys (2008). White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture. New York: Taylor & Francis, Inc. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-0-415-95194-4.
  18. ↑ E. J. (Eric J.) Hobsbawm; T. O. (Terence O.) Ranger (1992). The Invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press. pp. 211–263. ISBN 978-0-521-43773-8.
  19. ↑ Hobsbawm 7
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