Inkolelo
Inkolelo iyisimo sengqondo sokuthi okuthile kuyiqiniso noma kuyisenzakalo esikhona. Isimo sengqondo esicatshangelwayo yisimo sengqondo sokuba nesimo esithile, ukuthatha noma umbono ngento ethile. Ku-i-epistemology, izazi zefilosofi zisebenzisa igama elithi inkolelo ukubhekisela ezimweni zengqondo ngezinto umuntu ziiqiniso noma ezikhona.[1] Ukukholelwa okuthile kuwukukubheka njengeqiniso, ngokwesibonelo, ukukholelwa ukuthi iqhwa limhlophe kufana nokwamukela iqiniso isiphakamiso esithi "igwadule limhlophe". Kodwa-ke, ukubamba inkolelo akudingeki Ukuzihlolisisa. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa abantu abacabangela ngokucophelela ukuthi ilanga lizokuphuma ngakusasa ekuseni noma cha uma nje sicabanga ukuthi lizokuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkolelo akudingeki zenzeke (isib, umuntu ecabanga ngenkuthalo ukuthi "iqhwa limhlophe"), kodwa esikhundleni salokho zingaba ezilungiselelweni (isib. umuntu uma ebuzwa ngombala weqhwa angasho ukuthi "iqhwa limhlophe").[1]
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene izazi zefilosofi zanamuhla eziye zazama ukuchaza izinkolelo, kufaka phakathi ukufanekiswa kwezindlela izwe elingaba nazo (UJerry Fodor), njengokuziphatha kwezinto ezithile njengeqiniso (URoderick Chisholm), njengamacebo okuchaza izenzo zomuntu (UDaniel Dennett UDonald Davidson), noma njengezimo zengqondo ezigcwalisa umsebenzi othile (UHilary Putnam).[1] Abanye baye bazama futhi ukunikeza ukubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo embonweni wenkolelo, kufaka phakathi abaqeda inkolelo abaphikisa ngokuthi ayikho inqubo emhlabeni wemvelo ehambelana nomqondo wethu we-psychological of belief (UPaul Churchland) kanye ne-epistemologists engokomthetho abahlose ukufaka indawo yomqondo we-bivalent of belief ("kungaba yinkolelo noma asinazo inkolelo") ngomqondo ovumelayo, ongenkolelo ukuthembakele kakhulu ("kunakho konke amazinga okukholelwa, hhayi inkolelo elula").[1][2]
Izinkolelo ziyisihloko sezinkulumo-mpikiswano eziningi ezibalulekile zefilosofi. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa: "Yini indlela enengqondo yokubuyekeza izinkolelo zomuntu lapho etholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zobufakazi?", "Ingabe okuqukethwe yizinkolo zethu kunqunywa ngokuphelele yizimo zethu zengqondo, noma ingabe afanele anethonya ezinkolelweni zethu (isib. uma ngikholwa ukuthi ngiphethe ingilazi yamanzi, ingabe iqiniso elingekho engqondweni lokuthi amanzi ayingxenye ye-H2O yokuqukethwe kwale nkolo)?", "Izinkolelo zethu zinemicu emincane noma zimbi kangakanani?", futhi "Kumelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inkolelo ingabonwa ngolimi, noma ingabe kukhona izinkolelo ezingezona ezolulimi?"[1]
Imibono
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Kuye kwahlongozwa imibono ehlukahlukene yezici ezibalulekile zezinkolelo kodwa akukho ukuvumelana ngokuthi iyiphi efanele. I-representationalism iyisikhundla esibusayo ngokwesiko. Inguqulo yayo ethandwa kakhulu igcizelela ukuthi izimo zengqondo ngokuqondene nokumelelwa, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa neziphakamiso, yizimo zengqondo ezakha izinkolelo. Lezi zimo zengqondo ziyingxenye yomzimba wangaphakathi wengqondo ebambe isimo sengqondo. Lo mbono uhlukile ku-functionalism, echaza izinkolelo hhayi ngokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwengqondo kodwa ngokwemisebenzi noma indima edlalwa yizinkolo. Ngokwe-déposérisme, izinkolelo zihlobene nemikhuba yokuziphatha ngezindlela ezithile. Lo mbono ungabonwa njengohlobo lwenkolo yokusebenza, oluchaza izinkolelo ngokuziphatha ezivame ukubangela. Umbono wokuhumusha wakha omunye umbono, oye wathola ukuthandwa kuyifilosofi yesimanje. Ithi izinkolelo zento ethile zithembele noma zihlobene nencazelo yomuntu ngaleyonto uvame ukuhlotshaniswa, ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ngokumelene nalokhu kuhlukana kuphakathi kwesisusa sokukhetha omunye wemibono ehlukile.[3]
Ukufanekisa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- 1 2 3 4 5 "Belief". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 June 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Formal Representations of Belief". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 June 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Schwitzgebel, Eric (2019). "Belief". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 June 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)