Isandla
Isandla siyisandla esibambelela, esineminwe eminingi esisekugcineni kwengalo yangaphambili. Ezinye izilwane ezimbalwa ezinomgogodla njenge-i-koala (eziiminwe emibili ephikisanayo "esandleni" ngasinye kanye neminwe efana kakhulu neminwe yabantu) zivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "nezandla" esikhundleni semilenze emilenzeni yangaphambili. I-raccoon ivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi ine "izandla" yize izithupha eziphikisanayo zingekho.
Ezinye zazo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zisebenzisa igama elithi isandla ukubhekisela esithasiselweni sezinombolo emlenzeni wangaphambili ngokuvamile ngokwesibonelo endabeni yokuthi ngabe izinombolo ezintathu zesandla sezinyoni zazihilela ukulahleka okufana kwezinombolo ezimbili njengasesandleni se-dinosaur.
Isandla somuntu sivame ukuba nezinzwane ezinhlanu iminwe emine kanye nesithupha esisodwa [1] nokho, lezi zivame ukubizwa njengezinzwane ezinisihlanu, lapho isithupha sihlanganiswa njengomunye weminwe.[2][3]Inamathambo angu-27, ngaphandle kwamathambo e-sesamoid, inani lawo elihlukahluka phakathi kwabantu, ama-phalanges (iseduze, aphakathi ne-i-distal) eminwe nesithupha. Amathambo axhuma iminwe namathambo e-carpal esihlakaleni. Isandla somuntu ngasinye sinama-metacarpals amahlanu namathambo ama-carpal ayisishiyagalombili.
Izinzwane ziqukethe ezinye zezindawo eziminyene kakhulu zezinzwa emzimbeni futhi ziwumthombo ocebe kakhulu wokuphendula kokuthinta. Baphinde babe nekhono elikhulu lokubeka umzimba ngakho-ke, umuzwa wokuthinta uhlobene kakhulu nezandla. Njengezinye izitho ezihlanganisiwe (amehlo, izinyawo, imilenze) isandla ngasinye silawulwa kakhulu yihemisphere yobuchopho ephikisanayo, ngakho-ke ukubamba isandla ukukhetha kwesandla okuthandwayo kwemisebenzi yesandla esisodwa njengokubhala ngepeni kubonisa ukusebenza kobuchopho bomuntu ngamunye.
Ukwakheka
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo nezinye izilwane zinama-appendix abamba ngendlela efana neyesandla njengezinyawo, izidladla, nezinzwane, kodwa lezi azibhekwa ngokwesayensi njengezandla ezibamba. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi isandla kulokhu ukuze kuhlukaniswe iziphetho imilenze yangaphambili nezingemuva kuyisibonelo se-i-anthropomorphism. Okuwukuphela kwezandla ezibambayo zangempela zibonakala ohlwini lwezilwane ezincelisayo lwezilwane. Izandla kufanele futhi zibe nezintwane eziphikisanayo, njengoba kuchazwe kamuva embhalweni.
Isandla sisekugcineni kwesandla ngasinye. Izinkawu nezinkawu ngezinye izikhathi zichazwa njengezandla ezine ngoba izintwane zinde futhi i-hallux iyaphikiswa futhi ibukeka njengesithupha, ngaleyo ndlela yenza izinyawo zisetshenziswe njengezandla.
Igama elithi "isandla" ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa izazi ze-anatomists zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukubhekisela ku-appendix izinombolo ezisemlenzeni wangaphambili njengokucwaninga ukufana phakathi kwezinombolo ezintathu zesandla sezinyoni nesandla se-dinosaur.
Isandla somuntu wesilisa omdala sinesisindo esicishe sibe yikhilogremu.