IsiBheqe soHlamvu
IsiBheqe sohlamvu, ngesisuthu esaziwa ngokuthi Ditema tsa Dinoko siyindlela yokuloba esekelwe emalungeni edalelwe ukusetsenziswa ezilimini zesintu. Le ndlela yokuloba idalwe kususelwa emkhubeni yokudweba yaseNingizimu Afrika, ehlanganisa nokudweba izindima eLesotho, ukudweba okubizwa ukugwala ngesiNdebele, nezinye izindlela zokudweba ngezimpawu, ezifana nokubhala incwadi ngobuhlalu, wakhe lokho okubizwa amabheqe ngesizulu.
Lesi siqakaqo siklanyelwe indlela yokuphimisa yezilimi zesintu ngokuphelele. Sadalwa ngenjongo yokudala indlela yokuloba ekhabangulayo ngokolimi, ezoba ikhambi lenkinga yokudonda ukufunda kubantu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlanganisamazwi kulesi sifunda, ngenxa yombhalo onezimpawu eziningi wesiLathini osetshenziswa kubhalomagama lwabo.[1][2] Izilimi ezilotshwa ngesibheqe zihlanganisa nalezo ezingenalo ubhalomagama lwesiLathini, ezifana nesiSuthu saseMpuma, okuyisiPulana, kanye nezilimi eziTekelayo. Kuba nophawu lokuphimisa oluphawula onkamisa abangomankankeni, olwaziwa ngokuthi ingungwanyana, olufakelwa izilimi eziTekelayo. Ngeshwa njengezilimi zesiLathini, alukho uhlelo olukhona lokuphawula isiphimbo (tone).
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Ingcaziso
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Lesi siqakaqo sithathwa njengesamalunga, njengoba unobumba ngamunye ozimele eqakaqa ilunga. Kodwa ngokuphambene ngesiqakaqo samalunga soqobo, amalunga esibheqe awalotshwa ngonobumba abahlukile. Kunalokho, kusetshenziswa izimpawana zongwaqa ezifakwa konkamisa ukuze zakhe amalunga angamabheqe. Ngaphandle kwalawo, uma ilunga eliqakaqwayo kuyilunga elingumankankeni, onobumba balotshwa ngezimpawu eziyizilonco noma ezifolokayo ezikhomba unkamisa welunga, bese kufakwa ongwaqa eduze noma phakathi konkamisa.[3] Le ndlela yokuloba cishe yafana nesi-Abugida, Kodwa yona isekelwe kunkamisa hhayi kungwaqa. Amalunga angomankankeni alotshwa ngezindingilizi ezidla yonke indawo yebheqe.
Onkamisa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Uphawu lukankamisa yilona elakha isiseko sebheqe noma selunga, liyindeni yelunga ngalinye futhi izimpawu zongwaqa zifakwa eduze noma ngaphakathi kwalo.
Isiqondo sebheqe ngalinye sikhomba unkamisa, futhi bayisikhonbisa sebebonke:
- Intombi, yisilonco esibheke phezulu: /i/
- Isoka, yisilonco esibheke phansi: /a/
- Umkhonto, isifoloki esibheke phezulu: /u/
- Iphambili, yisilonco esibheke kwesokunene: /ɛ/
- Imuva, yisilonco esibheke kwesokhohlo: /ɔ/
- Isifoloki esibheka kwesokunene: /e/ noma kanje /ɪ/ , kuye ngokolimi
- Isifoloki esibheke kwesokhohlo: /o/ noma kanje /ʊ/
Kukhona nonkamisa wesiphohlongo omelwa isifoloki esibheke phansi, okungunkamisa oyize, oqakaqwa kanje /∅/ esixwexweni esingezansi.
Ukunensa konkamisa nesiphimbo azinazimpawu ezikhethekile.
| /i/ | /e/~/ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /a/ | /ɔ/ | /o/~/ʊ/ | /u/ | /∅/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Amaphathelelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ van Niekerk, Garreth (2016-02-08). "Indigenous alphabet on the cards for SA". City Press (South Africa). Archived from the original on 2021-07-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Land, Sandra (2015). "Reading and the orthography of isiZulu". South African Journal of African Languages 35 (2): 163–175. doi:10.1080/02572117.2015.1113000. https://openscholar.dut.ac.za/bitstream/10321/2360/1/Land_SAJAL_Vol35No2_2015.pdf.
- ↑ "Incazo Yohlelo" (PDF). isibheqe.org.za. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 April 2025.