Isichazandawo
Isichazandawo siyisichazamazwi sezindawo noma isiyalezii esisetshenziswa kanye nebalazwe noma unomabalazwe. Ngokuvamile siqukethe ukwaziswa mayelana nokwakheka komchzamhlaba, izibalominingo zenhlalo kanye nolwangu lesimo sezwe, isifunda, noma izwekazi. Isiqikili sesichazandawo sihlanganisa indawo yesihlokondaba, umngako weziqongo kanye nemizila yamanzi, inani labantu, umkhiqizo wasekhaya wonke kanye nezinga lokufunda nokubhala. Lolu lwazi luvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezihloko ezifakwe ohlwini ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama.
Izichazandawo zaseGrisi lasendulo bezaziwa ukuthi zikhona kusukela enkathini yamaGreki . Isichazandawo sokuqala esaziwayo saseShayina sakhululwa ngekhulu lokuqala, futhi njengoba imithombo yezindaba yayikhona eShayina ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye, izikhulu zaseShayina zaqala ukukhiqiza izichazandawo ezindaweni zazo njengomthombo wolwazi kanye nokuziqhenya kwendawo. Umchazimhlaba uStephanus waseByzantium wabhala isichazandawo (esinazo izingxenye ezilahlekile njengamanje) ngekhulu lesithupha esathonya abahlanganisi baseYurophu kamuva. Iichazandawo zanamuhla zingatholakala ezingxenyeni zamaphathelelo zemitapolwazi eminingi kanye nakuxhakaxholo.
uMsukagama
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Elithi "isichazandawo" liyibizongxube elihlanganisa amagama amabuli 'isichaza' + indawo" womabili asho insiza echaza kabanzi ngezindawo. Lifuze lelo elithi isichazamazwi ngokwakheka. Lensiza eyincwadi noma isizindalwebu "esiyinkomba yendawo noma isichazamazwi sayo". [1] Umuntu onolwazi ngezindawo yena ubizwa ngomchazindawo.
Izinhlobo nokuhlelenjwa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Izichazandawo zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo, noma ububanzi, bokwaziswa eliziqukethe. Izichazandawo zomhlaba ngokuvamile ziqukethe uhlu lwamazwe oluhlelwe ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, kanye nezibalominingo ezifanele zalelo nalelozwe, kanti ezinye izichazandawo zibhala ukwaziswa ngezidlavela ngazinye, nezidlidli, nemizi, kanye nezinye izindawo zokuhlala ezinobungako obuhlukahlukene. Izichazandawo ezimfushane, zivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nokubalizwe ngesicikizi kanye nezinhlelo ze-GIS, zona zingase ziqukathe uhlu lwamagama ezindawo kanye nezindawo zawo ku- latitude kanye ne-longitude noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuphathelela izindawo (isb., amaphatho womdwayinga Kazwelonke waseBrithani ). Izichazandawo ezimfushane zivela njengenkomba yendawo ngemuva konobalazwe abashicilelwe. Izichazandawo ezichazisayo zingafaka izincaziso ezinde zombhalo zezindawo eziqukethe, okuhlanganisa incazelo yezimboni, uhulumeni, umchazamhlaba, kanye nemibono yomlando, amabalawe kanye/noma izithombe. Izichazandawo ezinengqikithi zibhala izindawo noma izici zendawo ngokwengqikithi; isibonelo amachweba okudoba, iziphehlimandla enuzi, noma izakhiwo zomlando. Isici sazo esivamile ukuthi indawo yomchazamhlaba iyisici esibalulekile solwangu olubaliwe.
Abahleli besichazandawo baqoqa amaqiniso nokunye ukwaziswa okuvela emibikweni kahulumeni esemthethweni, ekubalweni kwabantu, ezingsini zokuhweba, kanye neminye imithombo eminingi, bese behlela lokhu ngendlela yokufingqa.
Bheka futhi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Imithombo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ (White 1968, p. 658)
Amaphatho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- White, Robert C. (1968). "Early Geographical Dictionaries". Geographical Review. 58 (4): 652–659. doi:10.2307/212687. JSTOR 212687.