Isigcibisholo

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezigcibisholo; Kwesokunene kuya kwesokudla:
1. R-36M: isigcibisholo esiwumcibomazwe
2. FGM-148 Javelin: Isihlabambayimbayi esiqondiswayo
3. Harpoon: isihlabamkhumbi
4. Prithvi: isihlabamcibo
5. BrahMos: isigcibisholo esimpezayo
6. RIM-162: isigcibisholo esimbonyindiza

Isigcibisholo yisikhali esihamba emoyeni esikwazi ukundiza ngokuziphokozisa silekelelwa -impokozisa, isilumbamdiki somtshazo noma izidikizisi sesicibamkhathi.

Igama elithi isigcibisholo, liyefana nelithi umcibisholo. Womabili asho isikhali esicitshwayo, esiphonswayo, sidutshulwa noma sicitshelwa endaweni ethile. Kodwa elithi isigcibisholo lisho izikhali eziphokoziswa Isivamelo esithile lapho zisemoyeni, kube ngathi zikhafula umlilo, ngokwenkulumo evamile. Iziklamo eziqhumayo ezindiza ngaphandle kokuphokoziswa zibizwa ngokuthi izihululo uma zidutshulwa umbayimbayi nokuthi iziqhumane uma zilahlelwa yindiza.

Izigcibisholo zivame ukuqondiswa ezigcibisheni ezithile, zibizwa ngokuthi izigcibisholo eziqondiswayo noma ezilawulwayo. Izinhlelo zezigcibisholo zivame ukuba nezigcoyi ezinhlanu: sokungcibisha, sokuqondisa, sokundiza, isiqhumi, nesilumbamdiki.

UMsukagama

Elithi isigcibisholo noma isicibisholo igama ngokwendabuko elisho umcibisholo. Womabili avela kwelithi ukuciba elisho ukujikijela noma ukuphonsa, ukuhamba emoyeni okimciisholo ophosiwe, ukugijima oma ukundiza ngokushesha. Into ejikijelwayo njengetshe noma umkhonto kuthiwa icitshiwe noma iyasictshwa, isicitshwa. Elithi umcibisholo okhafula umlilo indlela yokuchaza uhlobo lesicithswa esinesilumbamdiki nesiziphokozisayo. Elithi isigcibisholo likhethwe ngesizathu sokuthi elithi umcibisholo ovutha umlilo liyachaza, futhi kuzoba nzima ukulisebenzis lapho sekuchazwa izinhlobo zezikhali ezicitshwayo ngokwehlukana kwazo. Isigcibisholo lihlanganisa zonke izikhali eziziphokozisayo, eziqondiswayo esigcibisheni ukuze zisiqhumise.

Amagama wezigcibisholo ezaziwayo

Isigcibisholo esihlosulayo - anti-aircraft missile

Isigcibisholo esimpezayo - cruise missile

Isigcibisholo sokuhlabumkhumbi - anti-ship missile

Isigcibisholo sokuhlabumbayimbayi - anti-tank missile

Isigcibisholo esiwumcibo - ballistic missile

Isigcibisholo esihlabumcibo - antiballistic missile

Isigcibisholo esicibamazwe - Intercontinental ballistic missile

Izigcoyi

Izinhlelo zokuqondisa, ukungcibisha nokundiza

Isigcibisholo ngokuvamile siyaqondiswa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuqondisa nakuba zikhona izigcibisholo ezingaqondiswa ezigabeni ezithile zokundiza.^[1] Ukuqondisa isigcibisholo kusho izindlela zokuqondisa isigcibisholo esigcibisheni okufuneka siye kuso. Ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ngoba ukufika esigcibisheni ngokunembile kusho ukusebenza okunomthelela.^[2] Uhlelo lokuqondisa isigcibisholo lifeza lokhu ngezinyathelo ezine: ukuthungatha isigcibishe, ukucikiza iziqondo ngkwaziswa kokuthungatha, ukuqondisa izifako ezicikiziwe eziqhubini zokulawula nokuqhuba isigcibisholo ngokusiqondisa izifako ezinhlelweni ezilawulayo.^[3] Uhlelo lokuqondisa lona lunezigaba ezintathu: ukunyakula, ukusiqondisa emoyeni nomdiyo.^[3]

Izinhlelo zokuqondisa nomcondobezelo zijinjwa ngezindlela ezintathu, oqhebezayo (active), oqhebezinxa (semi-active) kanye nesingaqhebezi (passive). Uhlelo lomcondobezelo lingasebenzisa ukukhanya okufana nensibomvu, isiCwazi noma isokhanya, amaza womsakazo noma eminye imiyonzi yenzubawonga ukuze kukhanyiswe isigciishe. Lapho isigcibishe sesihlonziwe, kungadingeka ukuba sithungathwe ngokuqhubekayo uma sinyakaza.

Impokozo

Izigcibisholo zifukuthwa izimpokozisa ezikhanyisayo ukuze zikhiqize isilukezeli futhi zingasebenzisa nezinhlobo zezilumbamdiki zeziciazulu noma izilumbamdiki zomtshazo.^[4]

Amaphatho

↑ Siouris, George (2006). Missile Guidance and Control Systems. Springer New York. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-3872-1816-8.
↑ Constant, James N. (27 September 1981). Fundamentals of Strategic Weapons: Offense and Defense Systems. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9-0247-2545-8.
1 2 Aviation Ordnanceman 3 & 2. United States Bureau of Naval Personnel. 1967. p. 355.
↑ "Redstone Missile Rocket Engine". National Air and Space Museum. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 1 June 2024.

[Siouris-1] Siouris, George (2006). Missile Guidance and Control Systems. Springer New York. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-3872-1816-8.

[2] Constant, James N. (27 September 1981). Fundamentals of Strategic Weapons: Offense and Defense Systems. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9-0247-2545-8.

[USO-3] 1 2 Aviation Ordnanceman 3 & 2. United States Bureau of Naval Personnel. 1967. p. 355.

[4] "Redstone Missile Rocket Engine". National Air and Space Museum. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 1 June 2024.

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