Isihlongakude
Isihlongakude (noma isipopolakude) siyisiklamo esisetshenziselwa ukupopola izinto ezikude ngokuhlonga ukuphafuka kwazo, ukumunyunga kwazo noma ukukhwentuza kwazo iMiyonzi yeNzubawonga. Ngokwendabuko, sasiyinsiza yokukhanya esebenzisa izififiyela (lenses), izibuko ezibhenile, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ngenhloso yokubona izinto ezikude – kuyisihlongakude sokukhanya. Namuhla, lesi siklamo sesikwazi ukuhlonga izingxenye ezihlukene zomungco wenzubawonga.
Izihlongakude zokuqala ezaziwayo ezisebenzayo kwakuyilezo ezigwincizayo (refracting) ezazi fakelwe izififiyela zengikazi futhi ezaziqanjwe kwelamaDashi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Zazisetshenziselwa kokubili ukuBona ezweni nokubona emkhathini.
Isihlongakude esikhwentuzayo, esisebenzisa izibuko ukuze siqoqe futhi sihlozinge ukukhanya, saqanjwa iminyaka eyishumi ingakapheli kuqanjwe esigwincizayo.
Ekhulwini lama-20, kuye kwaqanjwa izihlongakude ezintsha ezinhlobonhlobo, ezihlanganisa isihlongakude somsakazo (1939's) nesihlongamkhathi sensibomvu (1960's).
uMsukagama
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ibizo elithi isihlongakude liyinhlanganisela yamabizo amabili, 'isihlonga' (elithathwe esenzweni ukuhlonga) + 'kude' (elisho indawo eqhele kakhulu, ekude). Elithi isipopolakude nalo lisho isiklamo esikwazi ukupopola into ekude. Womabili ahumusha elesingisi elithi telescope elimsuka wolimi lwesiGreki sasendulo ochazwa kanje: isiGriki τῆλε, (tele: 'kude') + σκοπεῖν, (skopein: 'ukubona'); uma lihlangene τηλεσκόπος, teleskopos 'ukubona kude'.
Umlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Irekhodi lokuqala elikhona lesihlongakude kwakuyilungelo lobunikazi elaliyi-1608 elethwe kuhulumeni waseNetherlands ngumenzi wemibukiso waseMiddelburg uHans Lippershey for a telescope refracting. UGalileo wezwa ngakho futhi, ngo-1609, wazakhela eyakhe inguqulo, futhi wenza umbono wakhe ngeteleskopu wezinto zasezulwini