Isilisa

Isilisa ([uphawu: ♂) buwubuliliqobo besiphili esikhiqizayo, noma esikwazi ukukhoqiza amalilizana (amangqamuzana obulili) aziwa ngokuthi amalotha, axubana namalulizana esifazane,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] noma iqanda, ngomdludlungu obizwa ukukhulelisa. Isiphili wesilisa asikwazi ukuzala ngokobulili ngokwaso ngaphandle kweqanda lesifazane, kodwa ezinye Iziphili ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokobulili bangaphandle kocansi.^[5] Iningi lezincelisi zesilisa, kuhlanganisa nabantu besilisa, zinesiphathafuzo Y,^[6]^[7] okuyisona esiguqukezela ukukhiqizwa kwamanani amakhulu amandlendoda ukuze kukhule izitho zokuzala zesilisa.

Ebantwini, igama elithi isilisa libuye lisho ubulilisiqu, ngokomqondo wezenhlalo wezindima zobulili, nobuhlonzi bobulili.^[8]^[9]

Amaphatho

↑ Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (1 December 2014). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes" (in en). Molecular Human Reproduction 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972. https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/20/12/1161/1062990.
↑ Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (10 October 2019). The Biology of Reproduction (in i-English). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.
↑ Hine, Robert; Martin, Elizabeth (2015). A Dictionary of Biology (in i-English). Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.
↑ Bhargava, Aditi; Arnold, Arthur P; Bangasser, Debra A; Denton, Kate M; Gupta, Arpana; Hilliard Krause, Lucinda M; Mayer, Emeran A; McCarthy, Margaret et al (2021-05-25). "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement" (in en). Endocrine Reviews 42 (3): 3. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 8348944. PMID 33704446. https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/42/3/219/6159361.
↑ Lively, Curtis M. (1 March 2010). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction" (in en). Journal of Heredity 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322. https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/101/suppl_1/S13/757712.
↑ Reference, Genetics Home. "Y chromosome". Genetics Home Reference (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 July 2020.
↑ "Y Chromosome". Genome.gov (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 September 2020.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "palazzani".
↑ "Definition of MALE". www.merriam-webster.com (in i-English). 4 February 2025. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 10 February 2025.

[Lehtonen2014-1] Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (1 December 2014). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes" (in en). Molecular Human Reproduction 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972. https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/20/12/1161/1062990.

[Fusco2019-2] Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (10 October 2019). The Biology of Reproduction (in i-English). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.

[Hine2015-3] Hine, Robert; Martin, Elizabeth (2015). A Dictionary of Biology (in i-English). Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.

[4] Bhargava, Aditi; Arnold, Arthur P; Bangasser, Debra A; Denton, Kate M; Gupta, Arpana; Hilliard Krause, Lucinda M; Mayer, Emeran A; McCarthy, Margaret et al (2021-05-25). "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement" (in en). Endocrine Reviews 42 (3): 3. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 8348944. PMID 33704446. https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/42/3/219/6159361.

[Curtis2010-5] Lively, Curtis M. (1 March 2010). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction" (in en). Journal of Heredity 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322. https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/101/suppl_1/S13/757712.

[6] Reference, Genetics Home. "Y chromosome". Genetics Home Reference (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 July 2020.

[7] "Y Chromosome". Genome.gov (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 September 2020.

[palazzani-8] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "palazzani".

[9] "Definition of MALE". www.merriam-webster.com (in i-English). 4 February 2025. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 10 February 2025.

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