Isimemezelo samaKhomanisi

Isimemezelo samaKhomanisi (noma isibophezelo samaKhomanisi ), incwajana yezombusazwe eyabhalwa uKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels, eyagunyazwa yiNhlangano YamaKhomanisi futhi yashicilelwa okokuqala eLondon ngowe-1848. Lo mbhalo kwakungumzamo wokuqala ohlelekile kaMarx no-Engels wokulobela iningi ilisu lomlando womthako elithi "umlando wawo wonke umphakathi okhona kuze kube manje ungumlando wemizabalazo yezigaba ", lapho izigaba zomphakathi zichasiswa ngobudlelwane babantu nezinsiza zokukhiqiza . Le ncwajana yashicilelwa phakathi neNguqulambuso yango-1848 eYurophu, futhi yaba isimemezelo sezombangazwe esinethonya elikhulu emhlabeni.

UMarx beno-Engels bahlanganisa ifolosofi yomthako (philosophical materialism) kanye nendlelasu yomthamundo kaHegeli ukuze bahlaziye ukuthuthuka komphakathi waseYurophu besebenzisa izindlela zawo zokukhiqiza, ezihlanganisa ubukhomanisi banguna, ubuphathimhlaba banguna, kanye nobuhlohlesakhe, beveza ukuvela kwesigaba esisha esichachazayo enkathini ngayinye. Umbhalo wabo uveza ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinsiza zokukhiqiza, ubuhlobo beziphoqi zokukhiqiza, kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza, bese ugagula ukuthi izinguquko ezenzeka "esisekweni" somnotho womphakathi zinomthelela ezinguqukweni ezenzeka "kumakhonkulu". UMarx no-Engels bagamela ngokuthi ubuhlohlesakhe buphawulwa ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi, bexhashazwa ongxiwankulu ababusayo, okuyinto "ehlezi iguqula ngokuqhubekayo izinsiza nobuhlobo bokukhiqiza, kanye nobuhlobo bomphakathi bonke". Bazakuza ngokuthi isidingo songxiwa sezisebenzi ezibhengcezayo sichitha ubuhlobo bakudala, futhi ukwanda kongxiwa emhlabeni befuna izindayi ezintsha kudala "uMhlaba owenziwe ngomfanekiso wabo".

Isimemezelo siphetha ngokuthi ubuhlohlesakhe abuniki uluntu ithuba lokufezekisa-siqu, kunalokho buqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bayoqhubeka bedonda futhi beqhingwa. Siveza ukuthi ubuhlohlesakhe buzozibhubhisa ngokwabo ngokuqokothela nokuhlanganisa isigaba sabasebenzi, futhi sibikezela ukuthi inguqulambuso iyona ezoholela ekuveleni kobukhomanisi, nomohakathi oswele izigaba, lapho khona "intuthuko ekhululekile yomuntu ngalinye isimiseli sentuthuki ekhululekile yabo bonke". UMarx beno-Engels baphakamisa izinqubomgomo zenguquko ezilandelayo: ukuqedwa kwempahla yangasese ewumhlaba nefa; ukungeniswa kwentela yemalingeniso ewumyaphambili; ukudliwa kwempahla yabokufika namavukela; ukushwabadelwa yisizwe kwesikweletu, ezokuxhumana, nezokuthutha; ukwandiswa nokudidiyelwa kwemboni nezolimo; ukuphoqelelwa kwesibopho sokusebenza kuwonke; ukuhlinzekwa kwemfundo kawonke; nokuqedwa kokusetshenziswa kwezingane.

Ushicilelo

Ushicilelo lokuqala nobumfihlo 1848–1872

Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ngowe-1848, incwajana IsiMemezelo yashicilelwa ngobumfihlo yiNhlangano yeMfundo yabaSebenzi abangamaKhomanisi (Kommunistischer Arbeiterbildungsverein), eyayizinze ekhelini 46 kumgwaqo Liverpool, endaweni yaseBishopsgate esidlaveleni saseLondon.^[1] Le ncwajana enamakhasi angama-23, eyayibhalwe ngesiJalimani, yayinesiqusihloko esithi Manifest der kommunistischen Partei futhi inesimbozo esinombala obhuma. Yashicilelwa kathathu futhi yaba uchunge kwiphephandaba laseJalimani elibizwa Deutsche Londoner Zeitung. Mhla zizine kuMashi, uMarx waxoshwa onongqayi baseBelgium. Emasontweni amabili alandelayo, izinkulungwane zezincwajana zesiMemezelo zifinyelela eParis, futhi kusuka lapho zabheka eJalimani ngo-Aphreli. Ngenyanga kaMeyi umbhalo walungiswa amaphutha ukuze ushicilelwe kabusha; uMarx noEngels basebenzisa le ncwajana yamakhasi angama-30 njengesisekelo sezinhleli ezilandwlayi zesiMemezelo.

Izinkomba

↑ Bosmajian, Haig A. "A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO" (PDF). dalspace.library.dal.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-07. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-06-12.

[1] Bosmajian, Haig A. "A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO" (PDF). dalspace.library.dal.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-07. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-06-12.

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