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Isishweshwe

Kubuya ku Wikipedia

Isishweshwe [1] (esaziwa nangokuthi isijalimani[2]) siyindwangu kakotini enyatheliswe ngombala esetshenziselwa kakhulu izingubo zendabuko zase-Afrika eseningizimu.[3][4] Ngokomsuka ifakwa umbala obizwa-indigo, le ndwangu yenziwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nemiklamo enyathelisiwe ephawuleka ngezifanelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.[5][6][7] Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwaso, isishweshwe sichazwa njengendwangu ye-denim, noma ye-tartan, yaseNingizimu Afrika.[7][8]

uMsukagama

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Omame abangamaXhosa bagqoke izingubo zomdabu okuyisishweshwe nephinifa
Omama abangamaXhosa bagqoke imishuqulo yndabgu yesishweshwe (kwesokudla)

Igama elithi isishweshwe lisuselwa ekuayamanisweni kwendwangu neNgonyama yaseLesotho uMoshweshwe 1,[9][10]. UMoshweshwe I waphiwa izipho zalendwangu izothunywa zavangeli zaseFulansi ngowe-1840 futhi wayenza yaduma ngokulandelayo.[9][11][12]

Iphinde yazowe ngokuthi 'isijalimani' ngesiZulu, ngesiSuthu bathi isijeremane' bese ngesiXhosa bathi 'ijamani', ngenxa yokuthi lapho abomdabu waseJalimano befika bgekhulu-19 babeyikhonzile lendwangu, futhi bayithekela ngobuningi ukuze bayisebenzise kanjalo bayandisa nakakhulu ezweni lonke.[7][9][12][13][14]

Ukusetshenziswa kwaso

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Isishweshwe ngokwenkambiso sisetshenziselwa ukwenza amaloko, izidwaba, amaphinifa nemishuqulo. Izingubo zesishweshwe ngokwenkambiso zigqokwa imitshakazi noma omakoti abasha, nangabesifazane abaganile.[10][11][15][16] Abesifazane abangamaXhosa baqhamuke nendlela yokuthunga bahlanganise indwangu yesishweshwe kanye nengubo abayembathayo.[8][17] Isishweshwe siyimvunulo ethenjwayo lapho kunemicimbi efana nemishado, imisebenzi yesintu, imingcwabo nezinye imigidi ebalulekile.

Ngaphandle kwezingubo zomdabu, isishweshwe siyasetsyenziswa nasemkhakheni wengqephu waseNingizimu Afrika futhi sifakwa Alabesifazane abesilisa bazo zonke izinhlanga,[6][10][13] nalapho kwenziwa izilekeleli zokuhlobisa osofa.[18] Siyasetshenziswa naseMelika lapho kwenziwa indwangu yokuxuba imithungo.[5][19]

Ukukhiqizwa kwaso

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Isishweshwe esinsundu okoshokoledi

Isishweshwe sikhiqizwa ngobuchule obuqathaza isimunyu nokunyathelisa okufingwayo okwenziwa kundwangubyokiyltini weKhaliko.[5][6][10] Inyatheliswa ngobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama90 , kuzo zonke izifanelo neziphemoe zeziidwaba ezimise okuka-A ezinyatheliswa masala wonke. Indwangu ikhiqizwa ngemibala eminingana ehlanganisa oyindigo, onsundu sashokoledi, nobomvu, yonke efakwa imiklamo ehlukene emikhulu yezimbali, imithende, esadayimani, nezifanelo eziyisikwele neziyindingiliza.[8][12] Imiklamo ephithene yendwangu yenziwa kusetshenziswa isiqhobhosho, ubuchule bokunyathelisa indwangu ngokuyiqobosha obungasetshenziswa namuhla ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi nokubiza kwabo, nakuba kulula ukusebenzisa indlela yanamuhla yobuchule bokunyathelisa ngokunyaliza imiklamo.

Ngaphambilini lendwangu yayithekeliswa kusuka eYurophu ilethwa eNingizimu Afrika, Kodwa namuhla Uphawu lokuhweba lendwangu seluphethwe inkampani ebizwa Da Gama Textiles esenxuleni laseZwelitsha ngaphandle kwaseKing William's Town eMpuma Kapa kusukela ngowe-1982.[9][10][11][12] Ngowe-1992, le nkampani iDa Gama Textiles yathenga amalungelo okuba iyona yodwa ekhiqiza iThree Cats, okuyinhlanga edumile yendwangu eyayikhandwa inkampani yaseManchester ebizwa Spruce Manufacturing Co. Ltd, futhi kanjalo izifingqi zosokhele esigwediwe bokunyathelisa indwangu zathunyelwa eNingizimu Afrika.[17][20] Inkampani iDa Gama Textiles ikhiqizwa isishweshwe ngokotini othekeliswa eZimbabwe nolinywa khona eMpumalanga Kapa.[15][19]

Imboni yezindwandu yasekhaya, ehlanganisa nokukhoqizwa kwesishweshwe inkampani Da Gama Textiles, ilokhu isongelwa uncintisano lwezindwangu zezingabunjalo eliphansi, nezimbumbulu ezikhandwa kuleli nezithekiliswa eShayina nasePakistania.[10][12][15][21] Umkhiqizo okuyiwona kulula ukuwuqaphela ngokuwuthinta, iphunga, isinambitho, umsindo, nombala kanye ngophawu lokuhweba olusemuva kwendwangu, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-90  kanye nobulukhuni bendwangu entsha efakwe imfukutha engokwenkambiso nesukayo lapho igezwa.[5][6][7][13]

Amaphatho

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  1. ↑ Oxford University Press. (March 10, 2026). "Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Seshweshwe, n." Oxford English dictionary. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 10, 2026.
  2. ↑ Marshall, Rhodé (18 February 2018). "All hail shweshwe: The history and rebirth of an iconic fabric". News24. South Africa.
  3. ↑ Rochlin, Margy (5 June 2009). "Jo Katsaras: 'No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'". New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2014. But Ms. Katsaras always keeps the series's central character, the private investigator Precious Ramotswe (Jill Scott, above), the focus of attention with colorful dresses and head scarves made of shweshwe, the traditional South African fabric known for its pulsating motifs.
  4. ↑ Grange, Helen (4 May 2011). "Stylish isishweshwe? Check". The Star. Archived from the original on 24 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 24 January 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 deVillemarette, Cynthia (July–August 2010). "Seshoeshoe: A True Blue Passion". The Country Register of Tennessee & Kentucky. The designs are created using a discharge process, unlike modern printed fabrics where color is added to the surface. With shweshwe, the cotton cloth is first entirely dyed, thoroughly penetrating the fiber. Then, the cloth is passed through copper design rollers, which emit a mild acid solution, removing color with pinpoint accuracy. One of the characteristics of shweshwe is the intense use of picotage, tiny pin dots that create not only the designs, but also texture and depth. It is because of the difficulty and expense in creating these designs that they fell out of favor with American and European manufacturers, who chose instead to move to printing processes. Da Gama Textiles of South Africa is the only known manufacturer of fabrics still using the discharge process ... The reverse side of the fabric will be a solid color because it was dyed. Da Gama also prints its seal on the back to help you identify it.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Rovine, Victoria L. (2012). "Handmade textiles: global markets and authenticity". In Dudley, Sandra H. Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 276–277. ISBN 9781135721473.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Davie, Lucille (18 November 2013). "Shweshwe, the denim of South Africa". Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 "A stylish ode to Mama Afrika". The Star. 27 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 January 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Kuper, Jeremy (19 April 2013). "London shows material interest in Africa's old clothes". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Holmes, Thalia (22 November 2013). "The fabric of society needs underpinning". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  11. 1 2 3 Futhwa, Fezekile (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought and Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. pp. 107–115. ISBN 9780620503952.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Joyce, Liam (14 October 2013). "Swish shweshwe!". Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 "The Isishweshwe Story: Material Women?". Iziko Museums. 23 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Pheto-Moeti, B; Riekert, D.M.; Pelser, A.J. (2017). "Perceptions of Seshoeshoe fabric, naming and meanings of motifs on fabric". Journal of Consumer Sciences. 2 (2017): 24–39 – via African Journals Online.
  15. 1 2 3 Miti, Siya (11 May 2013). "Textile sector threat to fabric of society". Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  16. ↑ "Event – Material women? The shweshwe story". Iziko Museums. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  17. 1 2 Bryant, Judy (June 2012). "Transplanted Culture Through Trade" (PDF). Cape Crafts & Design Institute: 21–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 January 2014.
  18. ↑ Lewis, Esther (28 March 2013). "IsiShweshwe: cut from a different cloth". Cape Argus. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 January 2014.
  19. 1 2 Fulton, Claire (23 November 2006). "Cottoning on to Shweshwe chic". South Africa.info. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 23 January 2014.
  20. ↑ "History of Shweshwe". Da Gama Textiles. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 January 2014.
  21. ↑ Sparg, Linda (15 January 2012). "Fabric firm wins with a focus on local flair". Business Report. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 January 2014.
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