Izakhiwo zoBumbano
| IZakhiwo zoBumbano | |
|---|---|
 Izakhiwo zoBumbano uma umi ngasezivandeni, kunesichuse soMkhuzi uLouis Botha. | |
| Ukuphakama okuphezulu | |
Ukwaziswa jikelele | |
Indlela yokwakha |
Neoclassicism of Italian Renaissance, with Cape Dutch and Edwardian style detail. |
| Indawo | Meintjieskop, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa |
Ukwakha kwaqala |
1 ngoLwezi 1910 |
Saqedwa |
1913 |
| Umkhozi |
 INingizimu Afrika |
| Ukuphakama | |
| Imingako | |
| Imininingwane yobuchule | |
| Ubungako | 285m (length) 100m (width)[1] 60m (height)[2] |
| Umklamo nokwakhiwa | |
| Isakhiwo | Sir Herbert Baker |
| Ithimba labalungisi | |
IZakhiwo zoBumbano (isiNgisi: Union Buildings) ziyisihlalo sikaHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nehhovisi likaMengameli waseNingizimu Afrika. Zakhiwe ePitoli phezu kwegquma elibizwa i-Meintjeskop, enyakatho kwe-Arcadia, eduze nesikwele seSonto. Izivande ezisegcekeni lezakhiwo zingaphakathi komgwaqo kahulumeni, umgwaqo kaVermeulen wasempumalanga, umgwaqo wesonto u-R104 kanye nomgwaqo kaBlackwood. Umgwaqo kaFairview uvaliwe kumphakathi – abasezikhundleni zombuso yibona kuphela abavumelekile ukusebenzisa lomgwaqo ukungena eZakhiweni.Lezakhiwe ziyisiqonga sePitoli. Ziyisiza sefagugu likazwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika.
Izakhiwo zingesinye sezikhungo zezombusazwe eNingizimu Afrika: Igama elithi 'IZakhiwo' seliphenduke isiteketiso sesizinda sikahulumeni. Futhi ziwuphawu lezwe lwasePitoli naseNingizimu Afrika jikelele, futhi ziheha izivakashi eziningi esidlaveleni futhi sezaphenduka uphawu lwentando yeningi.
Izakhiwo ziyindawo okubanjelwa kuyo umcimbi wokufungiswa kukaMengameli.
Isakhiwo sazo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Lezi zakhiwo, zakhiwa kusetshenziswa itshesihlabathi eliluhlengesi, futhi zaklanywa umakhi obizwa Sir Herbert Baker,[3] wazakha ngathi yisikhumbuzo samaNgisi futhi ubude bazo bungamamitha angama-285. Zinomumo osamkhumbi noma isicheme, zinezimpiko ezimbili emahlangothini, amelelela ubumbano lwabantu ababehlukanisiwe.[4] Izinsimbi zesithuba ziyefana nalezo zesithuba saseLandani esibizwa Big Ben.[5] Uphiko olusempuma nasenthona, kanye nemibhoshongo emaphala enezinkuba, zimelela izilimi ezimbili, isiNgisi nesiBhunu, bese inkundla ephakathi negceke yona yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa ukufanekisa iNingizimu Afrika eBumbene.[6] Lezi zakhiwo zibhekwa abaningi njengomsebenzi womakhi omkhulu nenkambabeyibuza yaseNingizimu Afrika kwezokwakha. Isichuse sikaNelson Mandlea esisenxanxatheleni ebizwa Sandton City noma iNelson Mandela Square kwakufanele sime lapho uRolihlahla ethula khona inkulumo yakhe yokubekwa njengoMengameli.[7]
Isiza sesakhiwo kwakuyinkwali eyayingasasebenzi, kuyimanke okwakhiwe kuyo isnkundla yeshashalazi. Isichuse ezifanayo eziphezu kwemibhoshongo enenkuba zingamabalazwe, ziphethe uMhlaba, futhi zagwediwa ngu- Abraham Broadbent. Isichuse esingaphezu kwe-rostrum enenkuba enkundleni yeshashalazi phakathi nezimpiko esikathixokazi wohwebo wamaRoma obizwa Mercury, sagwedwa nguGeorge Ness. Amaphandle aseduze neZakhiwo zoBumbano abizwa Arcadia, aqanjwe ngendwemozwe elibizwa Arcadia, elisifunda sasezinganekwaneni zamaGriki. IPitoli inenani lesibili ngobukhulu lezindlu zamanxusa emhlabeni, ilandela isidlavela esibizwa Washington, D.C., iningi lazo zitholakala phakathi no a eduze nase-Arcadia.
Umklamo wezalasha ngalinye oyehluka, ngalokho it's he ngalinye kwadingeka ukuba lisikwe ngalodwa. Izindlela zokuklama isakhiwo zinhlobohlobo kusuka kuzalasha elisezansi lohlobo lwamaNgisi, kuya kumazalasha aphezulu ohlobo lwamaDashi asenhlonhlweni yeKapa.
Izakhiwo zoBumbano ayisiza sokubeka nokufungisa uMongameli wezwe omusha. Amahhovisi kaMongameli asemthethweni angakwesobunxele kweZakhiwo, futhi ibhayi Lesizwe lipheohezeliswa ecaleni elikwebunxele Uma umongameli esehjovisi lakhe.[8]
IZakhiwo zihlukaniswe ngezingxenye ezintathu; amahhovisi kwesobunxele, Inkundla yeshashalazi, namahhovosi kwesokudla. Sekukonke kungamamitha angama-95 ubude. Ingquklu yamahhovisi eyodwa inamagceke amathathu ahlinzeka amahhovisi ngokukhanya nomoya. Ingquklu ngayinye inomthili nemigandayo emithathu engaphezulu komhlabathi. Isakhiwo esiphakathi esikhumbele zinamagumbi wamakomidi, umtapolwazi namagumbi wezinkomfa kuyilapho imithili inexhiba lokuphekela, amagumbi wokudlela nawokuphumula.
Ingaphakathi lihlotshiwe njengendlu yamaDashi: lineminyango esidnayo, izibani ezigwediwe, imijankatho yomphezulu enzima ephambana nezindonga ezibhecwe ngobumhlophe nefenisha yokhuni.[9]
Isivande nezinkundla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Izakhiwo zizungezwe Izivande ezinhle zezitshalo zomdabu. Kunezikhumbuzo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobisa isinandi esiwudedangendlale, kuhlanganisa nesikhumbuzo Sempi sikaDelville Wood nesichuse sikaNdunankulu wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika uMkhuzi uLouis Botha. Isinandi esiphambi kweZakhiwo zoBumbano yizona ezisetshenziswa lapho kubuthene umphakathi, lapho kunemibhikisho noma kunemigubho, efana nokubekwa kukaMengameli wezwe.[10]
Okuphawulekayo luvame ukuba isivande esinemikhondo, esitshalwe izitshalo zomdabu, esizungeze izakhiwo Kanye nenkundla yeshashalazi kanelson Mandle ehlalisa abayizi-9,000.
Isichuse nezikhumbuzo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngaphakathi kwezinkundla kunezikhumbuzo nezichuse. Ezansi kwezivande, kunesichuse sikaMkhuzi uLouis Botha (undunankulu wokuqala wobumbano lwaseNingizimu Afrika) ehlezi phezu kwehhashi esinandini. Maphakathi nezivande, kukhona isikhumbuzo Sempi sikaDelville Wood, sokukhumbula amabutho akuleli aphangalala eMpini YoMhlaba yokuqala kanye nesibhebhe sokukhumbula labo abaohangalala eMpini yaseKoriya.
Amazalasha ngaphezulu kukhona isichuse sikaNelson Mandela. Lesi sichuse safakelelwa lapho kususwa esikaMkhuzi noNdunankulu waseNingizimu Afrika uJ.B.M. Hertzog, manie esesibekwe ezinkundleni zegceke.
Isikhumbuzo saseNingizimu Afrika sibekwe ngaphezu kwezivande.
Izithombe
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
IZakhiwo zoBumbano ekuphumeni kwelanga
Amadube ePitoli, iZakhiwo zoBumbano ngemuva.
Imithi yeJakaranda ePitoli amboza indawo ngengubo ensomi ngo-Oktoba.
Amaphatho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ From back of amphitheatre to front
- ↑ From street level to top of towers
- ↑ "Offices". The Presidency. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 13 February 2009.
- ↑ Christenson, Ellen (1996). "Herbert Baker, the Union Buildings, and the politics of architectural patronage". SAJAAH. 6 (1–4): 1–9. hdl:2263/546.
- ↑ "Union Buildings in Pretoria". Southafrica.to. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 9 February 2022.
- ↑ "Union Building in Pretoria (South Africa)". southafrica-travel.net. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 December 2009.
- ↑ "About Riviera". SA-Venues. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 9 February 2022.
- ↑ "South Africa – Pretoria and Surrounding". Sunset Africa Tours. Archived from the original on 14 September 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 December 2009.
- ↑ "The Union Building". ibiblio.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2010. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 15 December 2009.
- ↑ "Union Building". WhereToStay.co.za. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 December 2009. Unknown parameter
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