Izishomo ezihlonzwe yi-IAU
Kumchazamkhathi wanamuhla, izishomo ezingama-88 ziqashelwa yiNhlangano Yamazwe Yezomkhathi (IAU). Isishomo ngsinye siyisifunda sesibhakabhaka esizungezwe yimigqa yokwenyuka kwesokudla kanye nokwehla, ndawonye simboza yonke indilinga yasezulwini . Imingcele yazo yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni yiNhlangano Yamazwe Yezomkhathi ngowe-1928 futhi yanyatheliswa ngowe-1930.
AmaMesopotamiya asendulo kanye namaGreki kamuva asungula iningi lezishomo ezisenyakatho ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke namuhla, ezibhalwe yisazi sezinkanyezi samaRoma-aseGibhithe uPtolemy . Izshomo eziseduze ne- ecliptic zibizwa ngokuthi icathamo. Lapho abahloli behlola izishomo zesibhakabhaka saseningizimu, ogqayinyanga baseYurophu baphakamisa izishomo ezintsha zaleso sifunda, kanye nalezo zokugcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezinkanyezi zendabuko. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo yamaRoma neyaseYurophu, zonke izishomo zanikwa amagama lesiLatini, kodwa ngesiZulu zinawo amagama azo. Ngowe-1922, iNhlangano Yamazwe Yezomkhathi Union yamukela izifinyezo zezinhlamvu ezintathu zezishomo ezingama-89, uhlu lwanamuhla lwama-88 kanye ne -Argo . Ngemva kwalokhu, u-Eugène Joseph Delporte wadweba imingcele yezishomo ngazinye ezingama-88 ukuze yonke indawo esibhakabhakeni ibe ngeyesishomo esisodwa. Lapho ongayiyanga bethi into ilele esishomeni esithile, basho ukuthi ibekwe ngaphakathi kwale mingcele echaziwe.
Umlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Izishomo zanamuhla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Izishomo ezingama-88 zibonisa izilwane ezingama-42, izinto ezingaphili ezingama-29, kanye nabantu abali-17 noma abalingiswa basenganekwaneni.
Uhlu
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Amamgama ezisholo azobhalwa ngesiZulu, uma kwenzeka abhalwe ngesiNgisi, lawo magama azohunyushelwa esiZulini.
| Constellation | Abbreviations | Genitive | Origin | Meaning | Brightest star | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAU | NASA | Name | Vis. mag. | ||||
| Andromeda /ænˈdrɒmɪdə/ |
And | Andr | Andromedae | ancient (Ptolemy) | Andromeda (mythological character) | Alpheratz | 2.06 |
| Antlia /ˈæntliə/[1] |
Ant | Antl | Antliae | 1756, Lacaille, as Antlia Pneumatica | (air) pump | α Antliae | 4.25 |
| Apus /ˈeɪpəs/ |
Aps | Apus | Apodis /ˈæpoʊdɪs/[2] |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | bird-of-paradise | α Apodis | 3.83 |
| Aquarius /əˈkwɛəriəs/[1] |
Aqr | Aqar | Aquarii | ancient (Ptolemy) | water-bearer | Sadalsuud | 2.87 |
| Aquila /ˈækwɪlə/[1] |
Aql | Aqil | Aquilae | ancient (Ptolemy) | eagle | Altair | 0.76 |
| Ara /ˈɛərə/[2] |
Ara | Arae | Arae /ˈɛəriː/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | altar | β Arae | 2.84 |
| Aries /ˈɛər(i)iːz/[1][2] |
Ari | Arie | Arietis /əˈraɪ.ɪtɪs/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | ram | Hamal | 2.00 |
| Auriga /ɔːˈraɪɡə/[1][2] |
Aur | Auri | Aurigae /ɔːˈraɪdʒiː/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | charioteer | Capella | 0.08 |
| Boötes /boʊˈoʊtiːz/[1] |
Boo | Boot | Boötis | ancient (Ptolemy) | herdsman | Arcturus | -0.05 |
| Caelum /ˈsiːləm/[2] |
Cae | Cael | Caeli /ˈsiːlaɪ/[2] |
1756, Lacaille, as Caelum Sculptorium | chisel or engraving tool | α Caeli | 4.46 |
| Camelopardalis /kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/[2] |
Cam | Caml | Camelopardalis /kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/[2] |
1613, Plancius[b] | giraffe | β Camelopardalis | 4.02 |
| Cancer /ˈkænsər/[1] |
Cnc | Canc | Cancri | ancient (Ptolemy) | crab | β Cancri | 3.52 |
| Canes Venatici /ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/[2] |
CVn | CVen | Canum Venaticorum | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | hunting dogs | Cor Caroli | 2.81 |
| Canis Major /ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmeɪdʒər/[2] |
CMa | CMaj | Canis Majoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | greater dog | Sirius | -1.46 |
| Canis Minor /ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmaɪnər/[2] |
CMi | CMin | Canis Minoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser dog | Procyon | 0.34 |
| Capricornus /ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnəs/[2] |
Cap | Capr | Capricorni /ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | sea goat | Deneb Algedi | 2.83 |
| Carina /kəˈraɪnə/[1] |
Car | Cari | Carinae | ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | keel | Canopus | -0.74 |
| Cassiopeia /ˌkæsioʊˈpiːə/[1][2] |
Cas | Cass | Cassiopeiae /ˌkæsioʊˈpiːiː/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | Cassiopeia (mythological character) | Schedar | 2.24 |
| Centaurus /sɛnˈtɔːrəs/[1] |
Cen | Cent | Centauri | ancient (Ptolemy) | centaur | Alpha Centauri | -0.27 |
| Cepheus /ˈsiːfiəs/[2] |
Cep | Ceph | Cephei /ˈsiːfiaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | Cepheus (mythological character) | Alderamin | 2.46 |
| Cetus /ˈsiːtəs/[2] |
Cet | Ceti | Ceti /ˈsiːtaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | sea monster (later interpreted as a whale) | Diphda | 2.02 |
| Chamaeleon /kəˈmiːliən/[1] |
Cha | Cham | Chamaeleontis | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | chameleon | α Chamaeleontis | 4.06 |
| Circinus /ˈsɜːrsɪnəs/[1] |
Cir | Circ | Circini | 1756, Lacaille | compasses | α Circini | 3.19 |
| Columba /koʊˈlʌmbə/[1] |
Col | Colm | Columbae | 1592, Plancius,[b] split from Canis Major | dove | Phact | 2.65 |
| Coma Berenices /ˈkoʊmə ˌbɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/[2] |
Com | Coma | Comae Berenices / ˈkoʊmiː ˌbɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/ [2] |
ancient (Ptolemy); 1536, Caspar Vopel, split from Leo | Berenice's hair | β Comae Berenices | 4.26 |
| Corona Australis / koʊˈroʊnə ɔːˈstræl[unsupported input]s[unsupported input]-ˈstreɪ-/ [1][2] |
CrA | CorA | Coronae Australis | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern crown | α Coronae Australis | 4.10 |
| Corona Borealis / kɵˈroʊnə ˌbɔəriˈæl[unsupported input]s[unsupported input]-ˈeɪl[unsupported input]s/ [1][2] |
CrB | CorB | Coronae Borealis | ancient (Ptolemy) | northern crown | Alphecca | 2.24 |
| Corvus /ˈkɔːrvəs/[1] |
Crv | Corv | Corvi | ancient (Ptolemy) | crow | Gienah | 2.59 |
| Crater /ˈkreɪtər/[1] |
Crt | Crat | Crateris | ancient (Ptolemy) | cup | δ Crateris | 3.56 |
| Crux /ˈkrʌks/[1] |
Cru | Cruc | Crucis | 1589, Plancius, split from Centaurus | southern cross | Acrux | 0.76 |
| Cygnus /ˈsɪɡnəs/[1] |
Cyg | Cygn | Cygni | ancient (Ptolemy) | swan or Northern Cross | Deneb | 1.25 |
| Delphinus /dɛlˈfaɪnəs/[1] |
Del | Dlph | Delphini | ancient (Ptolemy) | dolphin | β Delphini | 3.62 |
| Dorado /dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ |
Dor | Dora | Doradus | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | mahi-mahi (dolphinfish) | α Doradus | 3.28 |
| Draco /ˈdreɪkoʊ/[2] |
Dra | Drac | Draconis /drəˈkoʊnɪs/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | dragon | Eltanin | 2.23 |
| Equuleus /ɪˈkwuːliəs/[2] |
Equ | Equl | Equulei /ɪˈkwuːliaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | pony | α Equulei | 3.92 |
| Eridanus /ɪˈrɪdənəs/[2] |
Eri | Erid | Eridani /ɪˈrɪdənaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | river Eridanus (mythology) | Achernar | 0.46 |
| Fornax /ˈfɔːrnæks/ |
For | Forn | Fornacis | 1756, Lacaille, as Fourneau Chymique | (chemical) furnace | α Fornacis | 3.85 |
| Gemini /ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ/[1] |
Gem | Gemi | Geminorum | ancient (Ptolemy) | twins | Pollux | 1.14 |
| Grus /ˈɡrʌs/[2] |
Gru | Grus | Gruis /ˈɡruːɪs/[2] |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | crane (bird) | Alnair | 1.74 |
| Hercules /ˈhɜːrkjʊliːz/[2] |
Her | Herc | Herculis | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hercules (mythological character) | Kornephoros | 2.81 |
| Horologium /ˌhɒrəˈlɒdʒiəm, -ˈloʊ-/[1][2] |
Hor | Horo | Horologii | 1756, Lacaille | pendulum clock | α Horologii | 3.85 |
| Hydra /ˈhaɪdrə/[1] |
Hya | Hyda | Hydrae | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hydra (mythological creature) | Alphard | 2.00 |
| Hydrus /ˈhaɪdrəs/[1] |
Hyi | Hydi | Hydri | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | lesser water snake | β Hydri | 2.80 |
| Indus /ˈɪndəs/[1] |
Ind | Indi | Indi | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | Indian (of unspecified type) | α Indi | 3.11 |
| Lacerta /ləˈsɜːrtə/[1] |
Lac | Lacr | Lacertae | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lizard | α Lacertae | 3.76 |
| Leo /ˈliːoʊ/[1] |
Leo | Leon | Leonis | ancient (Ptolemy) | lion | Regulus | 1.35 |
| Leo Minor /ˈliːoʊ ˈmaɪnər/[1] |
LMi | LMin | Leonis Minoris | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lesser lion | 46 Leonis Minoris | 3.83 |
| Lepus /ˈliːpəs/[2] |
Lep | Leps | Leporis /ˈlɛpərɪs/[1][2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | hare | Arneb | 2.59 |
| Libra /ˈlaɪbrə, ˈliː-/[1] |
Lib | Libr | Librae | ancient (Ptolemy) | balance | Zubeneschemali | 2.61 |
| Lupus /ˈljuːpəs/[1] |
Lup | Lupi | Lupi | ancient (Ptolemy) | wolf | α Lupi | 2.30 |
| Lynx /ˈlɪŋks/[1] |
Lyn | Lync | Lyncis | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lynx | α Lyncis | 3.14 |
| Lyra /ˈlaɪrə/[1] |
Lyr | Lyra | Lyrae | ancient (Ptolemy) | lyre / harp | Vega | 0.02 |
| Mensa /ˈmɛnsə/[1] |
Men | Mens | Mensae | 1756, Lacaille, as Mons Mensæ | Table Mountain (South Africa) | α Mensae | 5.09 |
| Microscopium /ˌmaɪkroʊˈskɒpiəm/ |
Mic | Micr | Microscopii | 1756, Lacaille | microscope | γ Microscopii | 4.68 |
| Monoceros /məˈnɒsɪrəs/[1][2] |
Mon | Mono | Monocerotis | 1613, Plancius[b] | unicorn | β Monocerotis | 3.74 |
| Musca /ˈmʌskə/[2] |
Mus | Musc | Muscae /ˈmʌsiː/[1][2] |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | fly | α Muscae | 2.69 |
| Norma /ˈnɔːrmə/[1] |
Nor | Norm | Normae /ˈnɔːrmiː/[1] |
1756, Lacaille | carpenter's level | γ<sup id="mwBZ8">2</sup> Normae | 4.02 |
| Octans /ˈɒktænz/[2] |
Oct | Octn | Octantis /ɒkˈtæntɪs/[2] |
1756, Lacaille | octant (instrument) | ν Octantis | 3.73 |
| Ophiuchus /ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/[1] |
Oph | Ophi | Ophiuchi | ancient (Ptolemy) | serpent-bearer | Rasalhague | 2.07 |
| Orion /oʊˈraɪən/[1] |
Ori | Orio | Orionis / ɵˈraɪən[unsupported input]s[unsupported input]ˌɒriˈoʊn[unsupported input]s/ [2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | Orion (mythological character) | Rigel | 0.13 |
| Pavo /ˈpeɪvoʊ/[1][2] |
Pav | Pavo | Pavonis /pəˈvoʊnɪs/[2] |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | peacock | α Pavonis | 1.94 |
| Pegasus /ˈpɛɡəsəs/[1] |
Peg | Pegs | Pegasi | ancient (Ptolemy) | Pegasus (mythological winged horse) | Enif | 2.40 |
| Perseus /ˈpɜːrsiəs/[2] |
Per | Pers | Persei /ˈpɜːrsiaɪ/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | Perseus (mythological character) | Mirfak | 1.82 |
| Phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/[1] |
Phe | Phoe | Phoenicis /fɪˈnaɪsɪs/ |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | phoenix | Ankaa | 2.38 |
| Pictor /ˈpɪktər/[2] |
Pic | Pict | Pictoris /pɪkˈtɔːrɪs/[2] |
1756, Lacaille, as Equuleus Pictoris | Painter (originally 'painter's easel') | α Pictoris | 3.27 |
| Pisces /ˈpaɪsiːz, ˈpɪ-/[1][2] |
Psc | Pisc | Piscium /ˈpɪʃiəm/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy) | fish (plural) | Alpherg | 3.61 |
| Piscis Austrinus /ˈpaɪsɪs ɔːˈstraɪnəs/ |
PsA | PscA | Piscis Austrini | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern fish | Fomalhaut | 1.16 |
| Puppis /ˈpʌpɪs/[2] |
Pup | Pupp | Puppis /ˈpʌpɪs/[2] |
ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | poop deck | Naos | 2.25 |
| Pyxis /ˈpɪksɪs/[1] |
Pyx | Pyxi | Pyxidis | 1756, Lacaille, as Pyxis Nautica | mariner's compass | α Pyxidis | 3.67 |
| Reticulum /rɪˈtɪkjʊləm/[1] |
Ret | Reti | Reticuli | 1756, Lacaille | eyepiece graticule | α Reticuli | 3.32 |
| Sagitta /səˈdʒɪtə/[1] |
Sge | Sgte | Sagittae | ancient (Ptolemy) | arrow | γ Sagittae | 3.47 |
| Sagittarius /ˌsædʒɪˈtɛəriəs/[1] |
Sgr | Sgtr | Sagittarii | ancient (Ptolemy) | archer | Epsilon Sagittarii | 1.85 |
| Scorpius /ˈskɔːrpiəs/[1] |
Sco | Scor | Scorpii | ancient (Ptolemy) | scorpion | Antares | 0.91 |
| Sculptor /ˈskʌlptər/[1] |
Scl | Scul | Sculptoris | 1756, Lacaille, as Apparatus Sculptoris | sculptor (originally 'sculptor's studio') | α Sculptoris | 4.30 |
| Scutum /ˈskjuːtəm/[1] |
Sct | Scut | Scuti | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | shield (of Sobieski) | α Scuti | 3.83 |
| Serpens /ˈsɜːrpɛnz/ |
Ser | Serp | Serpentis | ancient (Ptolemy) | snake | Unukalhai | 2.62 |
| Sextans /ˈsɛkstənz/[2] |
Sex | Sext | Sextantis /sɛksˈtæntɪs/[2] |
1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | sextant | α Sextantis | 4.49 |
| Taurus /ˈtɔːrəs/[1] |
Tau | Taur | Tauri | ancient (Ptolemy) | bull | Aldebaran | 0.86 |
| Telescopium /ˌtɛlɪˈskɒpiəm/ |
Tel | Tele | Telescopii | 1756, Lacaille | telescope | α Telescopii | 3.51 |
| Triangulum /traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm/ |
Tri | Tria | Trianguli | ancient (Ptolemy) | triangle | β Trianguli | 3.00 |
| Triangulum Australe /traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm ɔːˈstræliː, -ˈstreɪ-/ |
TrA | TrAu | Trianguli Australis | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | southern triangle | Atria | 1.91 |
| Tucana /tjuːˈkeɪnə/ |
Tuc | Tucn | Tucanae | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[a] | toucan | α Tucanae | 2.86 |
| Ursa Major /ˌɜːrsə ˈmeɪdʒər/[1] |
UMa | UMaj | Ursae Majoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | great bear | Alioth | 1.77 |
| Ursa Minor /ˌɜːrsə ˈmaɪnər/[1] |
UMi | UMin | Ursae Minoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser bear | Polaris | 1.98 |
| Vela /ˈviːlə/[1] |
Vel | Velr | Velorum /vɪˈloʊrəm/ |
ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | sails | γ Velorum | 1.83 |
| Virgo /ˈvɜːrɡoʊ/[1] |
Vir | Virg | Virginis | ancient (Ptolemy) | virgin, maiden | Spica | 0.97 |
| Volans /ˈvoʊlænz/[2] |
Vol | Voln | Volantis /voʊˈlæntɪs/[2] |
1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman,[a] as Piscis Volans | flying fish | γ<sup id="mwCCo">2</sup> Volantis | 3.75 |
| Vulpecula /vʌlˈpɛkjʊlə/[1] |
Vul | Vulp | Vulpeculae | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius, as Vulpecula cum Ansere | little fox (originally, 'little fox with the goose') | α Vulpeculae | 4.40 |
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