Jali

A Jali noma jaali, (Jali, okusho "inetha") leli gama ngoba itshe perforated noma latticed isikrini, ngokuvamile iphathini Ornamental icanjwe ngokusebenzisa calligraphy, i-geometry noma amaphethini zemvelo.Leli fomu lokuhlobisa ngokwakha livamile ekwakhiweni kwe- Indo-Islamic futhi ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwamaSulumane. ^[1]

Ngokusho kuka-Yatin Pandya, i- jali ivumela ukukhanya nomoya ngenkathi inciphisa ilanga nemvula.Futhi lapho umoya udlula kulokhu kuvuleka, isivinini sawo sandisa ukwanda okukhulu. ^[2] Izimbobo zivame ukuba cishe ngobubanzi obufanayo noma zibe ncane kunokushuba kwetshe, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze amandla ezakhiwo.Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama efana Kerala futhi Konkan zinemigodi ezinkudlwana jikelele opacity ngaphansana eqhathaniswa ezifundeni ezomile sezulu Gujarat futhi Rajasthan. ^[2]

Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwengilazi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kanye nokuxinana kwezindawo zokuhlala eNdiya yanamuhla, i- jalis yehla kakhulu ezindabeni zobumfihlo nezokuphepha.

Umlando[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wamatshe ayizinxande waseJali ubonakala ngesikhathi samaGupta amathempeli amaNachna wamaHindu kanye namathempeli aseGupta Pattadakal.Emsebenzini waseChina owenziwe ngokhuni owakhiwe ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaHan, leli siko liqhubekile nokwakhiwa kwamanje kwamaShayina. ^[3]Imibhalo yesiSanskrit ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo uSilpa (650 AD), uSamarangana-Sutradhara weNkosi uBhoja (1018-1054 AD), uKāśyapā-Śilpā (1300) no-pilpā-Ratnam wekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka bakhuluma noma baxoxa ngejalis. ^[4]

Umsebenzi wokuqala we- jali onobujamo bejiyometri obuningi wakhiwa ngokuqoshwa etsheni, ngamaphethini wejometri, \ kuqala kuvela ku- Alai Darwaza ka-1305 eDelhi ngaphandle kweQutub Minar, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abakwaMughal basebenzisa imiklamo eqoshwe kahle yezitshalo, njengase UTaj Mahal.Babuye kaningi bangeze i- pietra dura inlay kokuzungezile, besebenzisa amatshe emabula namatshe ayigugu. ^[1]

Enqabeni yaseGwalior, eduze kwesango lase-Urwahi, kunombhalo oqoshiwe olayini abangu-17 obhalwe ngo-Samvat 1553, obalula amagama abanye babakhandi nemisebenzi yabo.Omunye wabo nguKhedu, owayeyisazi se- "Gwaliyai jhilmili" okungukuthi i-jali screen esenziwe ngesitayela seGwalior. ^[5]Ithuna likaMughal lesikhathi sikaMuhammad Ghaus elakhiwa ngo-1565 AD eGwalior liphawuleka ngama-jalis alo amatshe. ^[6] Izindlu eziningi zeGwalior zekhulu le-19 leminyaka zazisebenzisa ama-jalis amatshe.AmaJalis asetshenziswa kakhulu eGwalior's Usha Kiran Palace Hotel, okwakuyindlu yezivakashi yaseScindia.

Amaqoqo eMyuziyamu[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Amanye ama-jali aseminyuziyamu emikhulu e-USA nase-Europe.Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Indianapolis Museum of Art ^[7] neMetropolitan Museum of Art ^[8] neVictoria ne-Albert Museum. ^[9]

Imifanekiso[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

INachna Parvati-Temple Jali, isikhathi seGupta
Iwindi lePattadakal
elinye iwindi ePattadakal
Ifasitela lasethempelini lasePattadakal Virupaksa
Ithempeli laseChola
Iwindi e-Alai Darwaza, eQutb complex
UJali osesikhawini iSidi Saiyyed e- Ahmedabad ekhombisa umuthi wendabuko wokuphila waseNdiya
UJali eTomb likaSalim Chishti, eFatehpur Sikri ukhombisa amaphethini wamaJiyomethri amaSulumane athuthukiswe entshonalanga yeasia
Imininingwane yezikrini zemabula zeJali ezungeze ama- cenotaphs asebukhosini, uTaj Mahal
UJali eBibi Ka Maqbara, e- Aurangabad enezimpawu ezijwayelekile zaseNdiya
UJali eChampaner usebenzisa amaphethini endabuko ejometri yamaNdiya kanye nejometri yamaSulumane
UJalis eMohammad Gaus Tomb Gwalior
Izindlu zangekhulu le-19 eGwalior