IQatar
iQatar (ngokomthetho: Umbuso waseQatar, ngesi-Arabhi: دولة قطر; Dawlat Qaṭar) liyisizwe oqhingini lase-Qatar eMpakathi-Mpumalanga. Lizungzwe ngasenyakatho nasempumalanga i-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya neLwandle lase-Bahrain ngasentshonalanga. Inomgcele oyedwa omhlaba noMbuso wase-Saudi Arabia ngaseningizimu. Iqhingi lase-Qatar liyinxenye leqhingi lase-Arabia. Ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Pheshiya ngasenyakatho kune-Iran, ngaphesheya kwe-Lwandle lase-Bahrain kune-Bahrain. Eduze kunama-Emireti aBumbene wama-Arabhi.
Emandulo kwakuhlala abantu abazulayo ngezilwane kakhulu amakamela. Leliqhingi lalingaphansi kwemibuso ehlukene: ama-Umayadi, ama-Abhasidi, i-Bahrain, nama-Usmani. Ngo-1916, inkosi yase-Qatar, i-Emir u-Abdullah womuzi ka-Al Thani, ivume ukuthi i-Qatar ibengaphansi komvikelo woMbuso Ohlangeneyo. Ngezi-1930 kutholakale ukuthi kunamafutha. Kwavumelwana ukuthi i-Anglo-Persian Oil Company izoyiguba. Kepha ngenxa Yempi Yesibili Yomhlaba kwasekuhlehliswa izinhlelo lezo. Kepha emuva kokuphethwa kwaleyompi, kwaqalwa ukugujwa kwamafutha. Ngo-1971, i-Qatar inikezwe igunya lokuzimela. Kusukela lesosikhathi, i-Qatar ibuswa umuzi ka-Al Thani.
Inhlokodolobha nedolobha elinkulu endlula zonke e-Qatar iyi-Doha. Ngaphandle kwamafutha, i-Qatar inenkampi yezindiza, i-Qatar Airways, eyiyinye yezinkampani ezinkulu kuzozonke emhlabeni wonke kulomkhakha. Futhi, i-Al Jazeera iyinkami yezindaba edumile emhlabeni kakhulu emazwe wase-Mpakathi Mpumalanga nase-Nyakatho Afrika. Ngenxa yamafutha, i-Qatar inokuhlephulelwana omkhiqizo womnotho ngamuntu ondlula izizwe zonke zasemhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-80 enani labantu ngabangezizwe zangaphandle. Kusho ukuthi yincani inani labantu elingabomdabu/izakhamuzi.
