uBumbano wamaSoviyethi
| uBumbano wamaSoviyethi | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Isiqubulo
"Basebenzi bomhlaba, bumbanani!" "Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!" | |
| Inkondlo
"i-Internationale" (1922 - 1944) "Интернационал" "Inkondlo yoMbuso woBumbano wamaRiphabhuliki woCosulelwano wamaSoviyethi" (1944 - 1991) "Государственный гимн Союза Советских Социалистических Республик" | |
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| Isiqonga (nedolobha nkulu) | iMoskva |
| Ulwimi osemthethweni | isiRashiya |
| Izilwimi zezifunda | isiYukreyini, isiBhelorashiya, isiUzibheki, isiKhazaki, isiSarkatvelo, isiMolidavini, isiLativini, isiKhirigizi, isiThajiki, isi-Arminiya, isiTurkmen, isi-Esitoniya |
| Izinhlanga | Amampumalanga Silavi (70%), amaTurk (17%), abanye (13%) |
| Ibizo lowezwe | umSoviyethi, amaSoviyethi |
| Uhlelo lwezombusazwe | Umbuso wocosulelwano (ikhominizimu) wobumbanozifundazwe (ifederashini) |
| Ubungakho bendawo | 22,402,200 km2 |
|
2,767,198 km2 |
| Inani labantu | Izigidi ezi-286 |
|
12.7/ km2 |
| Umkhiqizo womnotho | Izigidintathu ezi-2.6 US$ |
|
US$9,220 |
| Ukusungulwa |
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| Izanduleli
AmaRiphabhuliki wamaSoviyethi woCosulelwano waseRashiya, eYukreyini, eBhelorashiya kanye nePhesheyakhokhasisi |
Izelami
i-Arminiya, i-Azebhayijani, iBhelorashiya, i-Esitoniya, iKartvelo, iKazakistani, iKhirigizistani, iLativiya, iLithuwaniya, iMoldova, iRashiya, iThekimenistani, iYukreyini, i-Uzibhekistani |
uBumbano wamaSoviyethi (ngokomthetho: uBumbano wamaRiphabhuliki woCosulelwano wamaSoviyethi) wawuyizwe equkatha amazwekazi amabili (eShiya naseYurophu) kusukela ukusunglwa kwawo nge-1922 kufika ukuhlukaniswa kwawo nge-1991. Yayikwelesithathu ngenani labantu emhlabeni wonke, yayinobungakho bendawo obundlula amazwe onke wasemhlabeni ngalesosikhathi, futhi yayinemingcele namazwe ayishumi nambili. Yayizwe eyayinnkithinkithi yezilimi, izinhlanga nezizwe eyayihlelwe njengebumbano yezifundazwe namariphabhuliki. Eyayinkulu kuzo zonke yayiRiphabuliki yoBumbanozifundazwe yoCosulelwano yamaSoviyethi yaseRashiya (i-RSFSR). Njengezwe elihamba phamili emnyakazisweni woCosulelwano ekhulwini lama-20, yayibuswa yiqembu elilodwa (iQembu loCosulelwano) ngaphansi kwombononkolo wobuMarx-Lenin. Uhlelo lwomnotho lwaluhlelwe nguhulumeni. Isiqongo kanye nedolobhankulu kwakuyiMoskva (iMoscow ngesiNgisi).
Izimpande zoBumbano wamaSoviyethi zitshalwe eMvukelwambusweni wakaMfumfu we-1917. Uhulumeni owawumusha owawuholwa nguVladimir Lenin, usungule iRSFSR, izwe lokuqala amhlabeni ukubuswa ngokomthethosisekelo ngohlelo wocosulelwano (isoshalizimu ngobizomfakelwa). Emuva kokunqoba kwamaBholisheviki eMpini yeZakhamuzi yaseRashiya, iRSFSR kanye namariphabhuliki ewayeyithobele ahlanganiswe kwuBumbano wamaSoviyethi. Emuva kokushona kukaLenin nge-1924, kwasuka umncintisano wesikhundla somholi lapho kwavela uJoseph Stalin jengomphumeleli owayengangameli ngokukasoleki. Uqale ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ngokishesha futhi nokuphoqa ukuhlanganiswa kwamapulazi eholele ekudlondlobalweni kwomnotho kanye indlala ngeshumu le-1930 eyabhubhisa izigidi zabantu. AmaSoviyethi wayenohlelo lwamakamu womsebenzi wemphoqo abizwa ngamaGulag ewakhuliswa kulesosikhathi. Ngezi-1930, uhulumeni kaStalin wenze "Inhlanzo Enkulu", umnqubomgomo okuxosha nokubhubhisa bonke okungenzeka baqhudelane noStalin nehlangothi lakhe kwezombusazwe nobuholi. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni abantu baxoshwe oBumbaneni wamaSoviyethi, babulawe futhi kwenze amacala waseMoskva. Ngokuba amaSoviyethi ahlulekile ukwakha umfelandawonye wamzwe azomelana neqembu lamaNazi elalibusa iJalimani, uBumbano wamaSoviyethi uphawule umvumelwano wokubeka izikhali phansi neJalimani nge-1939. Nge-1941, iJalima iwuphulile lowomvumelwano ngokuhlasela uBumbano wamaSoviyethi, inhlaselo yasemhlabeni eyayizindlula zonke emlandweni womhlaba ngobukhulu, ngalokho yavula iHlangothi laseMpumalanga leMpi Yomhlabawonke Yesibili. AmaSoviyethi adlale indima enkulu ukuhlula izwe ze-Axis njengelungu lomfelandawonye wama-Allies futhi yakhulula iningi leMpumalanga neMpakathi Yurophu. Kubalawe amaSoviyethi ayizigidi ezingama-27, ukubhubhiswa kwenani labantu ekwakundlula amazwe onke ngenkathi yeMpi Yomhlabawonke Yesibili. Ngasemuva kophetho kwempi, uBumbano wamaSoviyethi uphendule izindawo ezazibanjwe yiBhutho eliBomvu kwamazwe ancike kuwo futhi yaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwomnotho okusheshayo, ngalokho waqinisekisa isimo sawo njengezwe elinamandla aphakeme.
Ngenxa yokungazwani okwezombusazwe zezizwe neMelika, yabanempi Yomshoshaphansi. Ihlangothi laseNtshonalanga elaliholwa yiMelika lihlangene kwumfelandawonye wezempi nge-1949 oyiNhlangano yoMvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki ekuholele ekutheni iHlangothi laseMpumalanga libumbe isiBambisano saseWarszawa (iWarsaw ngesiNgisi) nge-1955. Nakuba iMelika namaSoviyethi wayengalwisani nqo, wayeqhudelana ngezimpi zemibononkolo zisebenzisa amazwe amanye. Nge-1953, emuva kokushona kukaStalin, uNikita Khrushchev ungene ebuholini waqala umkhankaso wobuqanda ubuStalini eholele ekungazwani ngokombononkolo neShayina eyayiholwa nguMao Zedong ekuphelele ekuchithweni okububi bobuhlobo.
Amabutho ahlomileyo wamaSoviyethi acindezele imizabalazo eMpumalanga Jalimani, eHungari kanye naseTshekiyasilovakiya. Ngenhlanhla iNhleleleke yeziKhali eziCitshwayo zaseKhiyubha yaxazululwa, kwagwenywa impi yomhlabawonke. Ngaphansi kaLeonard Brezhnev, intuthuko ephendula ukumandawonye, kodwa ukugazwani neMelika kubencono. Nge-1985, uMikhail Gorbachev usunduze imiqubomgomo entsha yokuguqula izwe eyayibizwa iglasnost neperestroika. Nge-1989, amazwe amaningi wesiBambisano saseWarszawa amenule imibuso yayo eyayisingathwa ngamaSoviyethi ekuholele ekutheni iHlangothi laseMpumalanga liphele. Kumariphabhuliki wamaSoviyethi, iminyakaziso wokuziqhenya okwezizwe iholele ekutheni zimemeza ukuzimel. Nakuba nge-1991 kwakukhona ukhetho owombuzo okusungula ubumbano wezifundazwe ophumeleli, iqembu labangqandashintsho lizamile lahluleka ukumenula uhulumeni. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni iRashiya, iYukreyini kanye neBhelorashiya ziphume eBumbanweni wamaSoviyethi. Ngalokho uGorbachev wavuma ngokomthetho ukuchithwa kwoBumbano wamaSoviyethi. uBoris Yeltsin, uMengameli waseRashgiya wengamele ukuhlelakabusha kweRashiya ubunguBumbanozifundazwe waseRashiya isizwe eselama uBumbano wamaSoviyethi. Wonke amaRiphabhuliki ayishumi nanhlanu ephenduke izizwe ezizimele. Ngaphandle kwamazwe welwandle Bhalithiki, wonke amaRiphabhuliki angene kwuMdlelandawonye wamaZwe aZimele. Iningi lamazwe awayephumile kwuBumbano wamaSoviyethi abe nezihleleleke zenhlalo.
uBumbano wamaSoviyethi wawuyinye yamazwe anamandla aphakeme, anethonya elingamakhawulo eMpumalanga Yurophu futhi inethonya kwezobudlelwabezizwe emhlabeni wonke, ithonya kwezombononkolo eNignizimu loMhlaba, amandla okwempi, amandla okwomnotho kanye imiphumelelo okwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Uhlelo lalo lomkhathi luzale imiphumelelo emqoka oMqhudelwaneni woMkhathi. Waywunomnotho wesibili emhlabeni, kanye nebutho elihlomileyo elinkulu ukuwandlula wonke. Futhi, njengelungu lemfelandawonye yama-Allies, uBumbano wamaSoviyethi wawuyilunga elasungula Izizwe Ezihlangeneyo futhi yayingamalungu kanomphela woMkhandlu wezoPhepho.