UMthethosisekelo WaseNingizimu Afrika
| Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 | |
|---|---|
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| Overview | |
| Igunyandawo | South Africa |
| Yacikicwa | 18 December 1996 |
| Ukuqala ukusebenza | 4 February 1997 |
| Isimiso | Republic |
| Uhlelo lukahulumeni | |
| Amagatsha kahulumeni | Three (executive, legislature and judiciary) |
| Izindlu zesishayamthetho | Bicameral (Parliament) |
| ISigugu esiphezulu | President and Cabinet |
| Ezokwahlulela | Constitutional Court and others |
| Abalobi | Constitutional Assembly |
| Abacikici | President Nelson Mandela |
| Ungaphezu | Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 |
| Full text | |
 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 at Wikisource | |
| Zulu | UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Grondwet van Suid-Afrika |
| Swazi | Umtsetfo Sisekelo wase Ningizimu Afrika |
| Sesotho | Molaotheo wa Afrika Borwa |
| Ezombusazwe eNingizimu Afrika |
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UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika ungumthetho ophakeme wewombusosobala waseNingizimu Afrika. Unikeza isisekelo esisemthethweni sokuba khona kombusosobala, ubeka amalungelo abantu nemisebenzi yezakhamuzi zayo, futhi uchaza ukwakheka kukaHulumeni. Umthethosisekelo wamanje, owesihlanu walelizwe, wasungulwa uMgwamanqa owakhethwa okhethweni lukawonke-wonke lowe-1994. Wamenyezelwa ngumongameli uNelson Mandela mhla zili-18 kuDisemba 1996 wase uyaqala ukusebenza mhla zi-4 kuFebruwari 1997, uthatha indawo yoMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana wonyaka we-1993. Umthethosisekelo wokuqala wamiswa umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika wonyaka we-1909, owahlala isikhathi eside kunayo yonke kuze kube manje. Kusukela ngowe-1961, umthethosisekelo uye wamemezela uhlobo lukahulumeni wombusosobala ozimele.
Kusukela ngowe-1997, uMthethosisekelo uye walungiswa ngezichibiyelo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. UMthethosisekelo ubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "Umthethosisekelo weRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, 1996." Ngaphambili wawubalwa njengokungathi wawuwumthetho wePhalamende - uMthetho we-108 ka-1996 - kodwa, selokhu kwamukelwa uMthetho ukucashunwa kwemithetho yomthethosisekelo, awukho noma umthetho owuchibiyelelayo onikezwe izinombolo zomthetho.
Umlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Umthethosisekelo wangaphambili waseNingizimu Afrika
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UMthetho waseNingizimu Afrika we-1909, umthetho wePhalamende loMbuso Ohlangeneyo, wahlanganisa amakoloni amane aseBrithani - iKoloni Lenhlonhlo, iKoloni yaseNtilasifali, iKoloni IeSenqu neKoloni laseNatali- kwaba yi-UBambano lwaseNingizimu Afrika, engumbuso ozimele.
UMthetho WoMthethososekelo Wombusosobala waseNingizimu Afrika, wonyaka we-1961 waguqula ubumbano lwaba umbusosobala, esikhundleni sokwenganyelwa yiNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi lwenganyelwa nguMongameli wezwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho yashiya uhlelo oluningi lukahulumeni lungaguquliwe. KuNhlolozwi, ukhetho lokuqala lukazwelonke olwalunabamhlophe kuphela, lo Mthetho wamukelwa kancane, kunabantu abambalwa esifundazweni saseKapa kanye neningi elinamandla eNatali elaphikisana nawo.
I-Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, ka-1983, iphinde yamukelwa yi-referendum yabamhlophe kuphela, yasungula iPhalamende le-Tricameral, nezindlu ezihlukene ezimele abamhlophe, amaKhaladi namaNdiya kodwa ngaphandle kokumelwa kwabamnyama. UMongameli weZwe oyinhloko kanye noNdunankulu ophethe kwahlanganiswa kwaba nguMongameli ophethe wezwe, okhethwe yiphalamende. Lesi sici sisekhona kuze kube namuhla futhi cishe siyingqayizivele eNingizimu Afrika (ngaphandle kweBotswana engumakhelwane).
I-Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, ka-1993 noma uMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana wamenyezelwa ekupheleni koBandlululo ukulawula inkathi yokuguquka. Yethula, ngokokuqala ngqá, uhlaka lwentando yeningi ekhululekile, ukuvotelwa kwabantu abadala emhlabeni wonke kanye nomthetho wamalungelo.
Izingxoxo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ingxenye ebalulekile yezingxoxo zokuqeda ubandlululo eNingizimu Afrika kwakuwukwakhiwa komthethosisekelo omusha. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu okwakuphikiswana ngazo kwakuyinqubo lapho umthetho-sisekelo onjalo owawuzokwamukelwa ngayo. I-African National Congress (ANC) yaphikelela ngokuthi kufanele ibhalwe yibutho lomthethosisekelo elikhethwe ngentando yeningi, kuyilapho i-National Party (NP) ebusayo yayesaba ukuthi amalungelo amaqembu amancane ngeke avikelwe kulenqubo enjalo, futhi yahlongoza ukuthi esikhundleni salokho umthetho-sisekelo kufanele uxoxiswane ngokuvumelana phakathi kwamaqembu bese ufakwa ku-referendum. [1]
Izingxoxo ezisemthethweni zaqala ngoZibandlela ka-1991 e-Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA). Amaqembu avumelana ngenqubo lapho Umthetho-sisekelo wesikhashana okuxoxiswana ngawo uzonikeza ibutho lomthethosisekelo elokhethiwe lokubhala umthetho-sisekelo ongunomphela. Izingxoxo ze-CODESA zaphela, noma kunjalo, ngemuva komhlangano wesibili we-plenary ngoMeyi 1992. Elinye lamaphuzu amakhulu okuphikisana kwakuwubukhulu beningi eliyodingeka ukuze ibutho lamukele umthetho-sisekelo: I-NP yayifuna izidingo ezingama-75 ekhulwini(75%),[1] okwakuyisinikeze ukuvinjelwa.[2]
NgoMbasa ka-1993, amaqembu abuyela ezingxoxweni, kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Multi-Party Negotiating Process (MPNP). Ikomiti le-MPNP lahlongoza ukuthuthukiswa kweqoqo "lezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo" lezi umthetho-sisekelo wokugcina okwakuzodingeka uvumelane nazo, ukuze inkululeko eyisisekelo iqinisekiswe futhi amalungelo abambalwa avikelwe, ngaphandle kokulinganisela ngokweqile indima yebutho lomthetho-sisekelo elikhethiwe.[1] Amaqembu e-MPNP amukela lo mbono futhi aqhubeka nokubhala uMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana ka-1993, owamiswa ngokusemthethweni yIPhalamende futhi waqala ukusebenza ngo-27 April 1994.
Isiqikili
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UMthethosisekelo uqukethe isendlalelo, izahluko ezilishumi nane ezinezigaba ezingama-244 sections (Isigaba sokugcina sinenombolo engama-243, ngenxa yokuthi isigaba sama-230A sajotshelelwa ngemva kwesigaba sama-230, ngesichiboyelo seSithupha) nesahlukwana sesiphohlongo. Isahluko ngasinye sidingida isihloko esithile; izahlukwana ziqukethe ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuphathelelwa esiqakaqeni esiyinhloko.
Isendlalelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Isendlalelo somthethosisekelo sifundeka kanje:[3]
Thina, bantu baseNingizimu Afrika,
Recognise the injustices of our past;
Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in our land;
Respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; and
Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity.
We therefore, through our freely elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic so as to
- Heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights;
- Lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law;
- Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; and
- Build a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations.
May God protect our people.
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhabasa heso.
God seën Suid-Afrika. God bless South Africa.
Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.
ISahluko 1:
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Isahluko sokuqala siphethe izimiso eziyinhloko zomthethosisekelo, sichasisa ngebhayi lesizwe nangeculovlesizwe, futhi sibalula izindimi zlisemthethweni nezimiso zenqubomgomo zikahulumeni ngolimi. Sichasisa iNingizimu Afrika "njengombuso owodwa, onozibuse nongumbusowabantu" osekelwe ezimisweni zamalungelo abantu, ukuphakama komthethosisekelo, ukubusa komthetho nethuba lolukhetha likawonke omdala. Lesi sahlulo siqukethe isigatshana sokuphakama esisungula ukuthi yonke eminye imithetho nezenzo zingaphansi komthethosisekelo. Akukhulunywa lutho ngobuntu.
Amaphatho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- 1 2 3 Goldstone, Richard (1997). "The South African Bill of Rights": 451–470. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "goldstone" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "barnes". - ↑ "The South African Constitution: Facing History & Ourselves". www.facinghistory.org (in i-English). 2018-07-31. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-02-18.