uNgcwele Petru umPostoli

uNgcwele Petru umPostoli (owazalwa ebizwa Shimon bar Yona noma Shimon Petru; 1 BC - AD 64/68) wayengomunye wabapostoli abayishumi nambili bakaJesu futhi omunye wabaholi bokuqala bebandla lokuqala lobuKristu. Kulotshwe ngaye kuwonke amavangeli amane eTestamente Elisha, kanye neZenzo zabaPhostoli. iSonto lamaKatolika kanye nama-Orthodox akholwa ukuthi uPetro wayengumbhishobhi wokuqala waseRoma eTaliya nase-Antiyoki eSiriya. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi bakholwa unguPapa wokuqala. Ngokwesiko lobuKristu, uPetru wabethelwa esiphambanweni eRoma ngaphansi koMbusi uNero wamaRoma.

Amasonto obuKristu asendulo ahlonipha uPetru njengesicwebi esikhulu futhi njengomsunguli weSonto lase-Antiyokiya neSonto laseRoma, kodwa ahlukile esimweni sawo sengqondo maqondana igunya labamlandelayo njengoPapa namabhishobhi weSonto laseRoma. Ebhayibhelini, uJesu uthembise uPetru isikhundla esimqoka eziqhakanjisiwe eSontweni: "idwala lapho ngizokwakha isonto lami khona" (ngokukaMathewu 16:18). uPetru wayegunyazwe ukubopha emhlabeni kuboshwe ezulwini nokukhulula emhlabeni kukhululwe ezulwini (ngokukaMathewu 16:19, 18:18). Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ugunyazwe ukuhlela nokwethula inqeqesho nenqondiso esontweni. Umfowabo ngu-Andreya. Bobabili babengabadobi bezinhlazi. Ngokwesiko kucatshangwa ukuthi ikakhulukazi iVangeli ngokukaMarku libonisa ithonya lokushumayela kukaPetru kanye nobufakazi bokuzibonela mayelana uPetru. Encwadini kaPawulu kwabaseKorinte nakwabaseGalathiya ubizwa ngegama lesiHebheru likaPetru nalesi-Aramiki likaKhefase. Ezincwadini zikaPawulu, uPawulu akaphawuli ngesikhundla noma ubumqoka bukaPetru ngendlela eqonde nqo. Isib, encwadini kaPawulu kwabaseKorinte 15:5 kulotshwe "[uJesu] uvele kuKhefase kuqala, bese kwabayishumi nambili". Futhi encwadini kwabaseGalathiya 2:9 kulotshwe "bathi ukubona umusa engiwuphiweyo, oJakobe noKhefase noJohane, ababaziswa ngokuthi bayizinsika, banika mina noBarnaba isandla sokunene sokuhlangana ukuba thina siye kwabezizwe, kepha bona baye kwabasokayo". Uyaqhubeka kuleyoncwadi ukumgxeka uPetru ngokudla nabezizwe uma amaJuda amanye engekho kodwa ngokuzihlehlisa mabekhona. Nakuba iTestamente Elisha libandakanya izincwadi zokuqala nezesibili zikaPetru, abasonqondonkulu balezinsuku abakholwa ukuba lezincwadi zazibhalwe ngesandla sikaPetru.

Kunezincwadi ezibizwa apocrypha noma pseudopigripha ezingafakwanga eTestamenteni elisha ngokuba zingathembekile ezilandula ukuthi zimayelana noma zilotshwe nguPetru: izenzo zikaPetru, ivangeli likaPetru, intshumayelo kaPetru, isehlulelo sikaPetru kanye nesambulo sikaPetru.

Nakuba iTestamente Elisha alikaze lalandula ukuba uPetru wayengumbhishobhi wokuqala waseRoma. Futhi alihlizeki imininingwane ngenkambo yakhe lapho. Kepha abadala besonto lokuqala nabosomlando njengo Irenaeus, uTertullian, uHegesippus, uClement wase-Alexandria, uLactantius, no-Eusebius bafakazela ukuthi uPetru wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina eRoma, futhi kanye noPawulu basungula iSonto eRoma futhi banikeza uPapa uLinus isikhundla sobubhishobhi.

Kulandiswa ukuba uPetru wabulawelwa ukholo eRoma eNtabeni iVatikani ngenkathi yokubusa kukaNero.