UPhiko labafundi

UPhiko labafundi (noma uhlaka labafundi) oluseNyuvesi luyizinhlaka zamaqembu ezombangazwe ezihlelelwe abafundi noma intsha, ukuze ikwazi ukuzibandakanya nezombangazwe zaseKhempasini futhi zimelele izimfuno zeqembu emanyuvesi. ^[1] Uphiko lwabafundi lubuye lube isidlangalala sezingxoxo lapho khona abafundi benenkundla yokubamba izingxoxompikiswano mayelana nenqubomgomo yeqembu lezombangazwe, inyuvesi, izwe kanjalo nenkolelombono yeqembu. Uphiko lentsha lufana nenkundla lapho abafundi bengcwetiswa futhi becijiswa khona ngokuba abaholi bangomuso.^[2] Lezi zinhlaka zabafundi zibuye zizibandakanye ekukhankaseleni amaqembu ezombangazwe ekhempasini ngesikhathi sokhetho, futhi ziphinde zimele abafundi njengengxenye yesiGungu sabaFundi (SRC) lapho khona kuqhutshwa umzabalazo wokumela izimfuno zabafundi kubaphathi benyuvesi. KwelaseNingizimu Afrika izinhlaka zabafundi ezaziwayo zihlanganisa uPhiko lwabaFundi lweZitoyitoyi (EFFSC), uPhiko lwabaFundi lukaKhongolose (SASCO), uPhiko lwabaFundi le-DA (DASO), uPhiko lwabaFundi lukaPoqo (PASMA), uPhiko lwabaFundi loMkhonto wesiZwe (MKSM) njll.

Imikhankaso

Ngokuvamile izinhlaka zabafundi zivame ukuba ezamaqembu wezombangazwe, kodwa zikhona ezinye izinhlaka zabafundi ezingayamaniswa namaqembu wezombangazwe. Izinhlaka eziningi zabafundi emhlabeni zimiswa ngenhloso yokwenza abafundi bazibandakanye nobuqhebeqhebe babafundi futhi bakhe uhleloxhumano labafundi olulwisana nendlela izinto eziqhutshwa ngayo eNyuvesi noma ezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, eMelika, kwakunohlaka labafundi olubizwa AbaFundi boMphakathi woMbusowabantu , olwaludunyazwe ukungathathi sinyathelo kwabaholi bezombusazwe ekuletheni izinguquko kwezenhlalo. Lolu hlaka labafundi, lamiswa ngowe1969, okokuqala ukuze ludingide ukungagculiseki ngabaphathi bamanyuvesi nokuvinjelwa kokukhuluma ngokukhululekile emakhempasini.^[3] Ezinye izinhlaka zabafundi eMelika zazimelana nomkhankaso wempi wokuhlasela izwe laseVietnam. Ngonyaka we-1970, lapho umengameli waseMelika ememezela ukwandiswa kwempi ukuze igasele izwe laseCambodia, abafundi bavuka umbhejazane bagcwala imigwaqo futhi bavala amanyuvesi.^[4]

KwelaseShayina, ngonyaka we-1989 abafundi bahola umbutho owawufuna kube nombusowabantu kuleliya zwe elalibuswa amakhomanisi, futhi umkhankaso wabafundi waxhaswa amanyuvesi kanye nomphakathi uwonke. Kodwa lowo mkhankaso waphingwa ngonya umbuso wamakhomanisi futhi abaholi bawo badingiswa abanye baboshwa.^[5]

ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlaka zabafundi zahileleka kwezombangazwe nasekulwiseni ubandlululo emanyuesi nasezweni jikelele. Umbuso wabandlululo wawusebenzisa isandla sensimbi ekulawuleni ukukhethwa kweziGungu zabaFundi nasendleleni okufanele baziphathe ngayo. Lolu lawulo lwaholela embhikishweni wokuqala wabafundi ngonyaka we-1969 eNyuvesi yaseNtshonalanga Kapa lapho abafundi besilisa banqaba khona ukufaka othayi emcimbini yenyuvesi.^[2] Ngaphansi kohulumeni wobandlululo, abafundi baseNyuvesi yase Fort Hare, bake baqoma ukungabi nezinketho zesiGungu sabaFundi ukuze balwe nokuphinga kanye nolawulo lombuso wobandlululo.^[6]

Umbhikisho we-Fees must fall

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngo-Oktobha wezi-2015 izinhlaka zabafundi baseNingizimu Afrika ezihlukahlukene, zahlangana ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi '#FeesMustFall', emkhankasweni wokulwisana namanani abizayo ezindleko zemfundo ephakeme kanye nezifanelo zobuqoneli ezazilokhu zichasisa amanyuvesi wakuleli kanye nezemfundo.^[7] Kulo mkhankaso, abafundi baqhakambisa indingeko yokuba kuguqulwe futhi kuqonelulwe (decolonise) amanyuvesi waseNingizimu Afrika. Abafundi bakhombisa ukuthi uxhaso lakwa-NSFAS lukwazile ukuvula amasango kulabo ababengenayo imali yokufunda, nokuthi uhlelo lokutsheleka abafundi ngemali yokufunda lwalunenhloso yokubenza izigqila zezikweletu futhi bahluleke ukuphuma ebubheni. Lo mbhikisho waphela lapho uhulumeni oholwa uJacob Zuma umemezela ukuthi izindleko zokufunda ngeke zikhuphuke ngonyaka olandelayo, wezi-2016. Kodwa umbhikisho waphinde waqala ngowezi-2016 emva kwesimemezelo sikaNgqongqoshe weMfundo ephakeme uBlade Nzimande, esasithi izindleko zokufunda zizokhuphuka bese zinqundwa ngamaphesenti ayisiphohlongo ngowezi-2017.

Izinkomba

↑ Altbach, Philip G. (1967) Student Politics. Transition, No. 28, pp. 25-27
1 2 https://journals.openedition.org/cres/1517
↑ https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-student-movement-of-the-1960s.html#:~:text=The%20student%20movement%20of%20the%201960s%20was%20a%20significant%20period,what%20they%20believed%20was%20right.
↑ https://ca.cair.com/updates/an-american-tradition-the-history-of-student-movements-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=The%20Free%20Speech%20Movement%20at,down%20the%20campus%20ROTC%20building.
↑ Rosen, “The Effect of Post-4 June Re-Education Campaigns on Chinese Students”; Yan, “Engineering Stability”; Wang Qinghua, “Strengthening and Professionalising Political Education in China’s Higher Education”, Journal of Contemporary China 22, no. 80 (2013): 332–50; Zhao Suisheng, “A State-led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31, no. 3 (1998): 287–302
↑ Welsh (D.) and Savage (M.), 1977, « The University in Divided Societies: The Case of South Africa », in H. van der Merwe and D. Welsh (ed.), The future of the university in Southern Africa, Cape Town, David Philip.
↑ Godsell, G., and R. Chikane. 2016. “The Roots of the Revolution”. In Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation and Governance in South Africa, edited by S. Booysen, 54–73. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/22016109858.7

[1] Altbach, Philip G. (1967) Student Politics. Transition, No. 28, pp. 25-27

[:0-2] 1 2 https://journals.openedition.org/cres/1517

[3] ttps://study.com/academy/lesson/the-student-movement-of-the-1960s.html#:~:text=The%20student%20movement%20of%20the%201960s%20was%20a%20significant%20period,what%20they%20believed%20was%20right.

[4] ttps://ca.cair.com/updates/an-american-tradition-the-history-of-student-movements-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=The%20Free%20Speech%20Movement%20at,down%20the%20campus%20ROTC%20building.

[5] Rosen, “The Effect of Post-4 June Re-Education Campaigns on Chinese Students”; Yan, “Engineering Stability”; Wang Qinghua, “Strengthening and Professionalising Political Education in China’s Higher Education”, Journal of Contemporary China 22, no. 80 (2013): 332–50; Zhao Suisheng, “A State-led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 31, no. 3 (1998): 287–302

[6] Welsh (D.) and Savage (M.), 1977, « The University in Divided Societies: The Case of South Africa », in H. van der Merwe and D. Welsh (ed.), The future of the university in Southern Africa, Cape Town, David Philip.

[7] Godsell, G., and R. Chikane. 2016. “The Roots of the Revolution”. In Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation and Governance in South Africa, edited by S. Booysen, 54–73. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/22016109858.7

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