Ukucwaswa kwezifiki eNingizimu Afrika
Ngaphambi kuka-1994, abokufika abavela kwezinye izindawo babebhekana nokucwaswa ngisho nodlame eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yokuncintisana ngamathuba ezomnotho ayivelakanci. Ngemva kokufika kombusa wentando yeningi ngowe-1994, ngokuphambene nokulindelekile, ukwanda kokucwaswa kwabokufika kwanda. Ngowezi-2008, okungenani abantu abangama-62 babulawa ekuvukeleni nasekuhlaselweni kwabokufika. Ngowezi-2015, okunye ukuhlaselwa kwabokufika ezweni lonke kwashukumisela ohulumeni abaningi bangaphandle ukuba baqale ukubuyisela izakhamuzi zabo ezweni. Ucwaningo lwe-Pew Research olwenziwa ngowezi-2018 lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angama-62 abantu baseNingizimu Afrika baveze imizwa engemihle ngabantu bakwamanye amazwe abahlala futhi besebenza eNingizimu Afrika, bekholelwa ukuthi abokufika bangumthwalo emphakathini ngokuthatha imisebenzi kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi nokuthi amaphesenti angama-61 abantu baseNingizimu Afrika babecabanga ukuthi abokufika babhekene nobugebengu kakhulu kunamanye amaqembu. Abukho ubufakazi obuyiqiniso obuqinisekisa umbono wokuthi abokufika bayizisulu eziyinhloko zezenzo zobugebengu eNingizimu Afrika, yize lesi simangalo senziwa ngokungalungile ngezinye izikhathi ngosombusazwe kanye nabantu abadumile emphakathini. Phakathi kowezi-2010 nowezi-2017 inani labantu bakwamanye amazwe abahlala eNingizimu Afrika lenyuka lisuka kubantu abayizigidi ezimbili laya kubantu abayizigidi ezine. [1] Ingxenye yenani labantu baseNingizimu Afrika abazalelwa kwamanye amazwe lenyuke lisuka kumaphesenti ama-2.8% ngowezi-2005 laya kumaphesenti ayisi-7% ngowezi-2019, ngokusho kwe- United Nations International Organisation for Migration, INingizimu Afrika iyindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu abokufika kuzwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ukucwaswa kwabokufika eNingizimu Afrika ngaphambi kowe-1994
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ukuhlaselwa kwabokufika baseMozambique nabaseKhongo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Phakathi kowe-1984 ekupheleni kwempi kulelo zwe, abantu baseMozambique ababalelwa kuzi-50,000 kuya kuzi-350,000 babalekela eNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba bengakaze banikezwe isimo sokuba ngababaleki, bavunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuhlala ezindaweni zezabelo noma emazweni abansundu adalwe ngesikhathi sobandlululo. Iqiniso lalihluke kakhulu, lapho izwe laseLebowa livimbela abahlali baseMozambique ngokuphelele kuyilapho iGazankulu yamukela ababaleki ngokubaxhasa ngomhlaba nezinsiza. Nokho, labo abaseGazankulu bazithola bevalelwe ezweni futhi benesibopho sokuxoshwa uma bengena eNingizimu Afrika ngokusemthethweni, futhi kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi izamukeli zabo zabanqabela ukufinyelela izinsizakusebenza zomnotho.
Izibhelu kanye nempi yombango nakho kwenza inani elikhulu labantu baseCongo befudukele eNingizimu Afrika, abaningi ngokungemthetho, ngowe-1993 nangowe-1997. Izifundo ezalandela zathola izinkomba zesimo sengqondo sokuzonda abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ngalaba babaleki, okubonakala ngokuthi banqatshelwe ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuyisisekelo ababenelungelo lokukuthola ngokomthetho.
Ukucwaswa kwabokufika eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kowe-1994
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Naphezu kokuntuleka kwemininingo eqhathaniseka ngokuqondile, ukucwaswa kwabokufika eNingizimu Afrika kubonakala sengathi kukhule kakhulu ngemuva kokukhethwa kukahulumeni wabantu wabansundu abaningi ngowe-1994. Isazi u-Audie Klotz sithi ngemuva kokuguqukela kweNingizimu Afrika kumbuso wabantu ngowe-1994, kwavela "ukucwaswa kwezifiki okungabheki ibala" okusha ezweni okuye kwahlasela ngqo ababaleki. [2] Ngokusho kocwaningo lwangowezi-2004 olwanyatheliswa yi- Southern African Migration Project (SAMP):
"Uhulumeni we-ANC – emizamweni wawo wokunqoba ukuhlukana kwesikhathi esidlule nokwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zozwano lomphakathi ... waqala umklamo obandakanyayo wokwakha isizwe ngenkani. Omunye umkhiqizo ongalindelekile walo msebenzi ube ukukhula kokungabekezelelwa kwabangaphandle ... Udlame olubhekiswe kwizakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nababaleki base-Afrika seluyinto evamile futhi imiphakathi ihlukaniswe ubutha nokusolana."
Lolu cwaningo lwalusekelwe kwinhlolovo yezakhamuzi kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e -Southern African Development Community (SADC) futhi lwathola ukuthi abantu baseNingizimu Afrika baveza umuzwa ononya wokulwa nabokufika, lapho abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abangamaphesenti angama-21 bevumelana nokuvinjelwa okuphelele kokungena kwabokufika kanye nabangamaphesenti angama-64 bevumelana nemikhawulo eqinile enanini elivunyelwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingxenye elandelayo ephezulu yabaphenduli abavumelana nokuvinjelwa okuphelele kwezifikanamthwalo yayisemazweni angomakhelwane iNamibia, kanye neBotswana, ingamaphesenti ali-10%.
Abezizwe kanye namaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika
[hlela | Hlela umthombo].jpg)
Ucwaningo lwangowezi-2004 olwenziwe yi-Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) mayelana nezimo zengqondo phakathi kwamaphoyisa endaweni yaseGoli luthole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-87% abaphendulile akholelwa ukuthi iningi labokufika abangenazo izincwadi eGoli bahilelekile ebugebengwini, naphezu kokungabikho kobufakazi bezibalo obuqinisekisa lowo mbono. Abanye abahlaziyi bathi imibono enjalo ihlangene nobuthakathaka babafokazi abangekho emthethweni yaholela ekuhlukunyezweni, okuhlanganisa nodlame kanye nokuphangwa.
Emhlanganweni kaMashi wezi-2007 noNgqongqoshe Wezasekhaya uNosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, ummeleli wababaleki baseBurundi eThekwini wathi abokufika babengenakuncika emaphoyiseni ukuze bathole isivikelo, kodwa kunalokho bathola amaphoyisa ebaphatha kabi, ebantshontshela futhi enza izinsolo ezingaqinisekisiwe zokuthi bathengisa izidakamizwa. Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, emhlanganweni ofanayo eGoli, uMapisa-Nqakula wayevumile ukuthi ababaleki kanye nabantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela babephathwa kabi ngamaphoyisa ngendlela yokuzonda abantu bokufika.
Imibhikisho emelene nabokufika yowezi-2026
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]NgoJanuwari wezi-2026 amalungu e-Operation Dudula ahlala esikoleni futhi avimbela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba bangene. NgoMeyi wezi-2026 kwaqubuka imibhikisho ehlomile eNingizimu Afrika ngokumelene nalokho abakubiza ngokuthi “abokufika ngokungemthetho”, eJohannesberg ababhikishi babezobona ukuthi umuntu obukele ungowokufika yini ngaphambi kokubahlasela. [3] Iqembu elithi “ Izakhamizi Ezikhathazekile kanye nabavoti be-SA ” licele ukuvalwa kwezwe lonke ngoMeyi 4 futhi lifuna ukubuyiselwa kwabantu bangaphandle abanezincwadi noma abangenazo izincwadi. [4]
Mhla zi-3 kuMeyi, abokufika abahlanu base-Ethiopia babulawa ochungechungeni lokuhlaselwa kwabantu abayizifiki eGoli, abathathu kubo badutshulwa bafa ngaphakathi endaweni yokudlela yaseMcDonald's .
Ngomhlaka-4 Meyi, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseNigeria uBianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu wamemezela ukuthi unyakule "umkhankaso wokuzithandela" wokubuyisela izakhamuzi zabo ezili-150, wanezela ngokuthi abantu baseNigeria ababili babulawa ezigamekweni ezihlobene nabasebenzi bezokuphepha baseNingizimu Afrika ngenyanga edlule.
Ngomhlaka-13 Meyi, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseGhana uSamuel Okudzeto Ablakwa wamemezela izinhlelo zokususa izakhamuzi ezingaba ngama-300 eNingizimu Afrika kulandela ukuhlaselwa okubhekiswe kwabokufika base-Afrika abaseningizimu yeSahara. Iqembu lokuqala lezakhamuzi zaseGhana ezingama-300 ezisuswe eNingizimu Afrika lafika e-Accra International Airport ngomhlaka-27 Meyi, futhi lamukelwa nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle, iNhloko Yezisebenzi kanye nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni.
Ngomhlaka-2 kuJuni, iMozambique ibika ukuthi abantu abahlanu bakhona babulawa ngesikhathi sodlame lokulwa nokufuduka eMossel Bay, eWestern Cape, eNingizimu Afrika, phakathi nesonto kanye nababili ngesikhathi bezama ukubuyela ezweni labo. IMozambique ithe abantu baseMozambique abangaphezu kwama-300 babuyele emakhaya ngezindlela zabo ngoMgqibelo nokuthi abanye abangama-500 bazobuyiselwa ezweni labo kusukela ngoMsombuluko.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":4". - ↑ Klotz, Audie (2000). "Migration after Apartheid: Deracialising South African Foreign Policy". Third World Quarterly. 21 (5): 831–847. doi:10.1080/014365900750012007. ISSN 0143-6597. JSTOR 3993621. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 April 2024.
- ↑ 'Time to go': Witch hunt for foreigners in South Africa. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/GP0B6gDzqEQ. Retrieved 2026-05-14.
- ↑ Xenophobic tensions are escalating in South Africa.. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/k8MvJeYOCF8. Retrieved 2026-05-14.