Ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa
Inani lezisulu zokudlwengulwa noma ezinye izehlakalo zodlame locansi ngabesilisa.Ngokomlando, ukudlwengulwa kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuyicala elenziwa kuphela kubantu besifazane.Le nkolelo isabanjiwe kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kepha ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa manje sekuyicala lobugebengu futhi sekuxoxiswane kakhulu kunakuqala.
Kudlwengulwa kwabesilisa namanje Taboo, futhi isetshenziswe ngomqondo ongathandeki phakathi kwabobulili futhi zobungqingili amadoda.Abahlinzeki bomphakathi nabahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo bavame ukusabela ngendlela ehlukile kubantu abahlukunyezwayo besilisa ngokuya ngesimo sabo sobulili kanye nobulili babenzi babo. [1]Kungaba nzima kulabo abahlukunyezwayo besilisa ukubika ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ababhekana nakho, ikakhulukazi emphakathini onomkhuba oqinile wobudoda.Bangesaba ukuthi abantu bazokungabaza ukuthanda kwabo ezocansi futhi bababize ngobungqingili, ikakhulukazi uma bedlwengulwe owesilisa, noma ukuthi bangabonwa njengabangewona abesilisa ngenxa yokuthi bayisisulu.
Isikhathi esiningi, izisulu zesilisa zizama ukufihla ziphike ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo, ngokufana nezisulu zabesifazane, ngaphandle kwalapho zilimele kakhulu emzimbeni.Ekugcineni, izisulu zabesilisa zingase zingacaci kahle ekuchazeni ukulimala kwabo lapho befuna usizo lwezempilo noma lwezengqondo. [2]
Ucwaningo nezibalo[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Jikelele[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ucwaningo mayelana nokudlwengulwa kwabantu besilisa lwalusanda kuqala ukuvela ngo-1980, lugxile kakhulu ezinganeni zesilisa.Izifundo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezikhungweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ezigxile ikakhulukazi emiphumeleni yalolu hlobo lokudlwengula zazitholakala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, kodwa akukho okwakutholakala eminyakeni eyedlule.Iningi lezincwadi eziphathelene nokudlwengulwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ligxile kakhulu kubantu abahlukunyeziwe. [2]
Izinganekwane eziphathelene nezisulu zabesilisa zokudlwengulwa[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Abesilisa ababisengozini[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ngokuzihlanganisa ngokobulili besilisa, kucatshangwa ukuthi abesilisa, noma besilisa abasebasha, abakwazi ukuba yizisulu zokudlwengulwa, noma nokuthi basengozini. Kweminye imiphakathi, kuthathwa njengokuyihlazo nokungabi yindoda uma kukhala umntwana wesilisa, ngoba inkolelo-mbono yabesilisa iveza abesilisa bekwazi ukuzivikela, okungenzeka kungabi njalo. [4]Abafana abancane bangaba buthakathaka futhi babe sengozini yezelelesi, ezivame ukuba namandla. Abenzi bokubi bangasebenzisa noma yini abanayo ukuhlukumeza ingane, kufaka phakathi imali noma okunye ukufumbathiswa. [5]Owesilisa osekhulile naye angaba namandla okuzilwela, noma esabe ukukwenza lokho ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka aboshwe ngokushaya kanye / noma ngebhethri ngenxa yezindinganiso eziphindwe kabili zomphakathi maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuzivikeleni phakathi kobulili, kwezinye izimo abenzi bobubi besifazane (le ndlela ephindwe kabili iyafana nokukhathazeka kokuzivikela kwabesilisa ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi ngabesifazane).
Abesilisa bahlala befuna ucansi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Inkolelo ejwayelekile yomphakathi ukuthi owesilisa kufanele avuswe uma ethola ukwakheka noma enesitho, ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi uzimisele futhi ujabulela noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobulili. Roy J. Levin noWilly Van Berlo babhale ku-athikili ku- Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine ukuthi ukukhuthazwa okuncane kwezitho zangasese noma ukucindezeleka kungadala ukuphazamiseka "yize kungekho ukukhuthazwa kocansi okuthile okukhona".Ukwakhiwa akusho ukuthi amadoda ayavuma ukuya ocansini. [6]Abesilisa bangathola ama-erections noma ezimeni zocansi ezihlukumezayo noma ezibuhlungu, futhi lokhu akubonisi ukuvuma.
Ngokufana nempendulo ye-erectile yabesifazane, impendulo yomuntu [7]okusho ukuthi indoda ayidingi ukuvuswa ukuze ipipi layo liqine; ukukhuthazwa kwemishini konke okudingekayo.Ukuvuka nokuvuselela izinto ezihlukile.Ukukhuthazeka kuyimpendulo ebonakalayo ekuvuseleleni.Amadoda angakhuthazwa ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokuzizwa evukile futhi ngaleyo ndlela abangele ukwakhiwa.Abesilisa bangesaba futhi besatshiswe ukwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu emdala noma eyisiphathimandla.
Ukuya ocansini[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
UHenry Leak, usihlalo wenhlangano iSurvivors, uthe ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa, njengabesifazane, kuhlobene kakhulu namandla kunokuya ocansini, futhi akwenzeki kuphela ngaphakathi komphakathi wobungqingili. [8] Ukuya ocansini kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iningi labenzi bobubi besilisa abafuna abafana ababona ongqingili.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa kuhlonyiwe[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa ngesikhathi sempi kubikwe ukuthi kudlangile kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengeDemocratic Republic of Congo, esanda kuba nezimpi zombango . [9] [10]
E-Afrika yonkana, amadoda adlwengulwayo avamise ukubhekana nokucwaswa emphakathini nokugconwa ngokuthi “abuthaka” nokwehluleka ukuvimbela ukudlwengulwa.Bangasolwa nangobungqingili (okuyinto engekho emthethweni emazweni amaningi esifunda).Isibonelo, lapho ababaleki besilisa abavela eCongo befuna ukwelashwa e-Uganda, bashushiswa ngobungqingili, kubika i-The Economist ngo-2012.
Enyakatho ye-Uganda, eminyakeni edlule kube nokuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo ngamaqembu amavukelambuso emelene namabutho kahulumeni.Phakathi nalezi zingxabano, amadoda avamile ahlaselwe kaningi, athunjwa, adlwengulwa futhi aphoqeleka ukuba alwele amaqembu amavukelambuso.Izisulu zokudlwengulwa zivame ukubhekana nokuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ngenxa yesipiliyoni sabo. [11]
Imiphumela[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Imiphumela yomzimba[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kubanga ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo futhi kaningi ngokomzimba . [12]Kubantu abahlukunyezwa ngokocansi abangaphezu kuka-18, 31.5% wabesifazane kanye nabesilisa abangu-16.1% bathe balimale ngaphandle kwezitho zangasese kulokhu kuhlaselwa. [13]
Izisulu zesilisa zathola ukulimala okuthe xaxa futhi zazisengozini enkulu yokwesatshiswa ngesikhali ngumenzi wobubi.Izimpawu nokulimala okuqapheleka kakhulu ikhanda elibuhlungu, izilonda, isicanucanu, i-colitis, imihuzuko yomphimbo, amehlo amnyama namathambo aphukile.Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwaStermac nozakwabo (2004) luphawule ukuthi ama-45% ezisulu zabesilisa abaya esikhungweni sokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi esibhedlela banezinhlobo ezithile zokulimala ngokomzimba (25% ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile , ukuqaqeka okungu-20%). [14] [2] [8] [15]
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abangakaze bahlukunyezwe ngokocansi, amadoda ahlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-18 asengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, kufaka phakathi izimpawu zesifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele nokudangala; ukuphuza ngokweqile nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa; imicabango yokuzibulala nemizamo yokuzibulala; izinkinga ebuhlotsheni obuseduze; nokungaphumeleli kahle esikoleni nasemsebenzini. [16]
Ngenxa yokulindelwa ubulili, ukuba yisisulu sengane yesilisa yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kungaholela ku: [17]
- Ingcindezi yokufakazela ubudoda bakhe ngokomzimba nangokobulili (ukuqina nokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi noma okunodlame; ukuba nabalingani abaningi besifazane ocansini).
- Ukudideka ngobulili nobunikazi bobulili.
- Umuzwa wokuba yindoda enganele.
- Umuzwa wamandla alahlekile, ukulawula nokuzethemba ebudodeni bakhe.
- Izinkinga ngokusondelana nokusondelana.
- Izinkinga zocansi. [note 1]
- Ukwesaba ukuba 'ngongqingili' noma 'isitabane'.
- Ukuthandana nabantu bobulili obufanayo .
Ukwelapha[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ngemuva kokudlwengulwa, kodwa abasindile besilisa akunakwenzeka ukuthi bawakhulume amacala abo.U-Elizabeth Donovan, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, uthe; "Abesilisa banomthwalo owengeziwe wokubhekana nomphakathi ongakholelwa ukuthi ukudlwengulwa kungenzeka kubo ... nakancane." [6]
- ↑ Davies, 2002
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Richard Tewksbury. Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville. Effects on Sexual Assaults on Men: Physical, Mental and Sexual Consequences. International Journal of Men's Health, Vol 6, No 1, Spring 2007.
- ↑ Stemple, Lara; Meyer, Ilan H. (June 2014). "The Sexual Victimization of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions". American Journal of Public Health 104 (6): e19–26. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946. PMC 4062022. PMID 24825225. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4062022.
- ↑ Hidden Hurt. 2011. Male Victims of Domestic Violence.
- ↑ Male Survivor.Male Sexual Victimization Myths & Facts Error in webarchive template: Check
|url=value. Empty.. - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sarah LeTrent. October 10, 2013. CNN, Against his will: Female-on-male rape.
- ↑ Sexual molestation of men by women. 1982.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kathy Marks. 15 October 1992. The Independent, Man abducted from train and raped.
- ↑ Melhado, L. (2010). "Rates of Sexual Violence Are High in Democratic Republic of the Congo". International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 36 (4): 210. JSTOR 41038670.
- ↑ Autesserre, Séverine (2012). "Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and their Unintended Consequences". African Affairs 111: 202–222.
- ↑ . 2019.
- ↑ Male Survivor. Survivors Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine..
- ↑ National Institute of Justice. 2006. Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Rape Victimization: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey.
- ↑ Deborah Condon. April 4th 2014. Irish Health. Male rape 'still a taboo subject' Archived 2018-03-08 at the Wayback Machine.. Comments of Dr Maeve Eogan and Deirdra Richardson in Modern Medicine, the Irish Journal of Clinical Medicine.
- ↑ S. McDonald and A. Tijerino (Research and Statistics Division-Department of Justice Canada. 2013. Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Assault: Their Experiences.
- ↑ 1in6.org. The 1 in 6 Statistic Archived 2017-03-24 at the Wayback Machine..
- ↑ Living Well. Dealing with the effects.
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