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Ukufuduka

Kubuya ku Wikipedia
Isikejana esipanyazekayo esithwele abafuduki abalibangise eYurophu
Isikejana esifuthwayo sithwele abafuduki abalibangise eYurophu
Amanani okufuduka kwabantu abayi-1,000 ngowezi-2023. Abantu abasebenzisa uxhakaxholo bahamba besuka emazweni abomvu beya emazweni alundwa.

Ukufuduka isenzo sokuhamba ushiye izwe ozalwa kulo noyizakhamuzi kulo, ngenhloso yokuyohlala kweliye izwe unomphela.[1] Ukufika nomthwalo noma ukuba owokufika kusho ukuthutheleka kwabantu ababuya kwamanye amazwe.[2] Umfuduki ngumuntu ofudukayo, esukwa kwelakubo, bese eyokufikela kwelinye izwe elisha. Ngakgho ukufuduka nokuba owokufika kusho ukuhamba kwabantu kodwa ebukwa ngamehlo angafani.

Abachazibantu (Demographers) bavme ukuhlola izici ezisusa futhi zidonse abantu ukuba basuke endaweni ethile futhi badonseleke noma bahehelwe kwenye. Kungaba khona ukuganuka okwenza umuntu abaleke izmo ezimbi ezifana nokusweleka komhlaba noma imisebenzi, noma ukungphathwa kahle. Abantu bangadonswa nangamathuba atholakala kwenye indawo. Ukunaleka izimo ezicindezelayo, ukuba ogogobele, noma ofuna ukukhoseliswa ukuze azoba nobundima bokugogobala kwelinye izwe, kungenza umuntu agcine efudukela kulo unomphela.

Ukukhwebukwa ngempoqo kusho amaqembu aphoqwa ukuba ashiye izwe lawo lendabuko, kufana nofudukiswa kwabantu ngempoqo noma usongo lokuqothulwa kohlanga. Abagogobele kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa ngokwalomqondo bayizisulu zokuba izifika nemithwalo.,[3] njengoba bebhekene nezingqinmb eziningi ohambweni labo nasemizameni yabo yokuziqhaza nezwe elisha.[4] Ngokwalomqondo, izifundiswa sezishaye ikhwelo lokuxoxisana nabezohwebo, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izikhungo zemfundo, nabanye ababambiqhaza emiphakathini eyamukela abokufika.[5][6]

uMlando

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Izifanelo zokufuduka kwabantu bezilokhu zithonywa izinguquko zezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nezombusazwe kuwo wonke umhlaba eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa adlule. Nokwesibonelo, izigidi zabantu zibaleka ububha, udlame, nezidubedue zezombusazwe eYurophu ukuze ziyohlala emazweni aseMelika naseziqhingini zolwandle ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Ngokufanayo, izigidi zafuduka eShayina eseningizimu zasakazeka emazweni ahlukene ekhulwini le-19 nelama-20.

Izici "ezisusa" noma "zidonse" abafuduki

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
The Parting Cheer by Henry Nelson O'Neil, 1861

Abachazibantu bayazihlukanisa izici ezisusa abantu indaweni ethile bese bayafuduka, kanye nalezo ezikuleyondawo ezibadonsayo.[7] Izisusa ezenza abantu bafuduke zingahlanganisa izinzuzo ezihehayo kwelinye izwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi izici ezidonsayo , noma izimo ezibakhuthaza ukuba bafuduke kwelakubo. Inkithinkithi yezici ezisusa futhi zidonse abafuduki zinika izifundiswa amasu wokucubungula kahle emizwameni yazo yokuqonda ukufuduka kwabantu.[8][3]

Izici ezisusayo

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  • Izimo zokuhlala ezimbi njengominyana kwabantu
  • Ukusweleka kwamathuba emisebenzi noma ezohwebo
  • Ukusweleka kwamathuba ezemfundo
  • Usongo lokuboshwa nokujeziswa
  • Ukujokwa noma ukungabekezelelwa ngokohlanga, inkolo, ubulilisiqu
  • Inkohlakalo yezombusazwe, ukungavuleleki kukahulumeni, noma ukusewela inkululeko yokukhuluma
  • Ukwehluleka ukuthola isithandwa noma umshado
  • Ukusweleka kwenkululeko yezenkolo, noma ukuzikhethela inkolo
  • Ukuphela kwezinsizakusebenza, ukuvelakanci kwazo
  • Ukubuthelwa impi, noma ubuphekula
  • Ukuxoshwa umbutho wezempi noma ngempoqo
  • Ukufadalala nokuwa komnotho
  • Indlala noma isomiso
  • Ububhozomeli ngokwesiko, ukucwaswa abanye

Izici ezidonsayo

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  • Izingabunjalo lempilo eliphezulu, ukukhula komnotho, ukungabizi kwemikhiqizo
  • Ukukhuthazwa izihlobo nabangakini
  • Ukuceba ngokushesha
  • Amathuba emisebenzi amaningi nenkokhelo ephezulu
  • Ukuchuma noma ukuba injinga kwezomnotho
  • Amathuba ezemfundo
  • Ukukhenketha okukhokhelwe izihlobo
  • Ukwakha isizwe esisha (ngokomlando)
  • Ukwakha umphakathi wezenkolo noma isiko elithile
  • Inkululeko yezombusazwe
  • Amathuba wokuthola uthando
  • Isimo sezulu esihle
  • Kulula ukuwela imingcele

Amaphatho

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  1. ↑ "Emigration". Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129153043/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/emigration. Retrieved 2026-05-23.
  2. ↑ "Immigration". Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225063322/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/immigration. Retrieved 2026-05-23.
  3. 1 2 Szkudlarek, Betina; Nardon, Luciara; Osland, Joyce S.; Adler, Nancy J.; Lee, Eun Su (August 2021). "When Context Matters: What Happens to International Theory When Researchers Study Refugees" (in en). Academy of Management Perspectives 35 (3): 461–484. doi:10.5465/amp.2018.0150. ISSN 1558-9080. http://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amp.2018.0150.
  4. ↑ Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Nardon, Luciara (April 2020). "Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling : A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration" (in en). International Journal of Management Reviews 22 (2): 193–216. doi:10.1111/ijmr.12222. ISSN 1460-8545. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijmr.12222.
  5. ↑ Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina (2021-04-14). "Refugee employment support: The HRM–CSR nexus and stakeholder co-dependency" (in en). Human Resource Management Journal 31 (4): 1748–8583.12352. doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12352. ISSN 0954-5395. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1748-8583.12352.
  6. ↑ Lee, Eun Su; Roy, Priya A.; Szkudlarek, Betina (2021-08-16), Chavan, Meena; Taksa, Lucy, eds., "Integrating Refugees Into the Workplace – A Collaborative Approach", Intercultural Management in Practice (Emerald Publishing Limited): pp. 121–129, doi:10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011, ISBN 978-1-83982-827-0, https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011/full/html, retrieved 2021-09-27
  7. ↑ Zeev Ben-Sira (1997). Immigration, Stress, and Readjustment. Greenwood. pp. 7–10. ISBN 9780275956325.
  8. ↑ Lee, Eun Su; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Szkudlarek, Betina (2020), "Global Migration and Cross-Cultural Management: Understanding the Past, Moving Towards the Future", The SAGE Handbook of Contemporary Cross-Cultural Management (London: SAGE Publications Ltd): pp. 408–423, doi:10.4135/9781529714340.n30, ISBN 978-1-5264-4132-4, https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-handbook-of-contemporary-cross-cultural-management/i4058.xml, retrieved 2021-09-27
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