Ukukhubazeka kokufunda

Ukukhubazeka kokufunda yisimo lapho umuntu ebonisa ubunzima bokufunda . Izibonelo zokukhubazeka kokufunda zifaka ukuthuthuka bobunzima kokufunda nokubhala ne-allexia (i-dyslexia etholakalayo).

Incazelo

I- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ichaza ukukhubazeka kokufunda noma i-dyslexia kanje: "I-Dyslexia iwuhlobo lokukhubazeka lokufunda olusekelwe ebuchosheni oluthikameza ngokuqondile ikhono lomuntu lokufunda . Laba bantu ngokuvamile bafunda emazingeni aphansi kakhulu kunalokho okulindelekile naphezu kokuba nokuhlakanipha okuvamile. Nakuba lesi sifo sihluka kumuntu nomuntu, izici ezivamile phakathi kwabantu abane-dyslexia yobunzima (i-dyslexia) iyinkinga evamile phakathi kwabantu abane-dyslexia enzima . kwemisindo), kanye nokusabela okusheshayo kokubukwayo nakwamazwi Kubantu abadala, i -dyslexia ivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokulimala kobuchopho noma esimweni sokuwohloka komqondo. Incazelo ye-NINDS ayihambisani nenqwaba yezifundo zesayensi eziphetha ngokuthi abukho ubufakazi obusikisela ukuthi i-dyslexia nokuhlakanipha kuhlobene. Incazelo ihambisana kakhulu nocwaningo lwanamuhla kanye nemodeli yokungafani ekhishweyo yokuxilongwa kwe-dyslexia: ^[1]

I-Dyslexia iwubunzima bokufunda obuthinta ngokuyinhloko amakhono ahilelekile ekufundweni kwamagama okunembe nokushelelayo kanye nesipelingi.
Izici zezimpawu ze-dyslexia ziwubunzima bokuqwashisa ngemisindo, inkumbulo yomlomo kanye nesivinini sokucubungula ngamazwi.
I-Dyslexia yenzeka kulo lonke uhla lwamakhono obuhlakani.
Kungcono kakhulu kucatshangwe njengokuqhubekayo, hhayi isigaba esihlukile, futhi awekho amaphuzu acacile anqunyiwe.
Ubunzima obukhona bungase bubonakale ezicini zolimi, ukusebenzisana kwezimoto, ukubala kwengqondo, ukugxilisa ingqondo kanye nokuhlelwa komuntu siqu, kodwa lokhu akuzona, ngokwazo, izimpawu ze-dyslexia.
Isibonakaliso esihle sobunzima nokuphikelela kobunzima be-dyslexic singatholwa ngokuhlola indlela umuntu asabela ngayo noma asabele ekungeneleleni okunesisekelo esihle.

Ukukhubazeka kokufunda

I-Dyslexia

I-Dyslexia iwukukhubazeka ekufundeni okuzibonakalisa njengobunzima bokuhlukanisa amagama nokufunda ngokushelelayo. Ukuqonda kungase kuthinteke ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza amakhodi, kodwa akusona isici esiyinhloko se-dyslexia. Ihlukanisiwe futhi ihlukile ebunzimeni bokufunda obubangelwa ezinye izimbangela, njengokungakwazi ukubona noma ukuzwa, noma imfundo empofu noma enganele yokufunda . ^[2] Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-dyslexia ithinta phakathi kwe-5-17% yabantu. ^[3] I-Dyslexia ihlongozwe ukuba ibe nezinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi kwengqondo (okuzwayo, okubonakalyo, kanye nokunaka), nakuba izimo zomuntu ngamunye ze-dyslexia zichazwa kangcono ngokushiyeka okungaphansi kwe-neuropsychological kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda okwenzeka ngokubambisana (isib. ukushoda kokunaka / ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwezibalo, njll ). Nakuba kungekona ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kubhekwa kokubili ukukhubazeka kokufunda kanye nokukhubazeka kokufundela ukuqonda. I-Dyslexia ne -IQ ayihlobene, njengoba ukufunda nokuqonda kukhula ngokuzimela kubantu abane-dyslexia. ^[4] "Izinkinga zezinzwa zingabangela ukulimala ekulawuleni imisipha yamehlo okungase kubangele i-diplopia."

I-hyperlexia

Izingane ezine-hyperlexic zibonakala ngekhono lokufunda amagama angaphezu kwalawo alindelwe uma kubhekwa iminyaka yazo nama-IQ. ^[5] I-Hyperlexia ingabhekwa njengokuqina lapho ikhono lokuqaphela igama lidlula kakhulu amazinga ekhono alindelekile. ^[6] Nokho, naphezu kwezinkinga ezimbalwa zokuqopha, ukuqonda akulungile. Amanye ama-hyperlexics nawo anenkinga yokuqonda inkulumo. ^[6] Iningi lezingane ezinehyperlexia zitholakala ku- autism spectrum . ^[6] Phakathi kwe-5-10% yezingane ze-autistic ziye zalinganiselwa ukuthi zine-hyperlexic. ^[7]

Ukulundiswa

Ukulungiswa kuhlanganisa yomibili imiyalelo efanele yokulungisa kanye namagumbi okufundela.

Bhekafuthi

Imithombo yolwazi

↑ Stanovich, K (Winter 1991). "Discrepancy Definitions of Reading Disability: Has Intelligence Led Us Astray?". Reading Research Quarterly 26 (1): 7–29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/747729?origin=crossref&seq=1
↑ Explaining the Differences Between the Dyslexic and the Garden-Variety Poor Reader: The Phonological-Core Variable-Difference Model. p. 590–604. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002221948802101003
↑ The development of reading impairment: A cognitive neuroscience model. p. 196–205. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrdd.10080
↑ Uncoupling of Reading and IQ Over Time: Empirical Evidence for a Definition of Dyslexia. p. 93–101.
↑ Newman, Tina M.; Macomber, Donna; Naples, Adam J.; Babitz, Tammy; Volkmar, Fred; Grigorenko, Elena L. (5 April 2007). "Hyperlexia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37 (4): 760–774. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0206-y. PMID 17048093.
1 2 3 Grigorenko, Elena L.; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred (November 2003). "Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44 (8): 1079–1091. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00193. PMID 14626452.
↑ Burd, Larry; Kerbeshian, Jacob (June 1985). "Hyperlexia and a Variant of Hypergraphia". Perceptual and Motor Skills 60 (3): 940–942. doi:10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.940. PMID 3927257.

[Discrepancy_Definitions_of_Reading_Disability:_Has_Intelligence_Led_Us_Astray?-1] Stanovich, K (Winter 1991). "Discrepancy Definitions of Reading Disability: Has Intelligence Led Us Astray?". Reading Research Quarterly 26 (1): 7–29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/747729?origin=crossref&seq=1

[2] Explaining the Differences Between the Dyslexic and the Garden-Variety Poor Reader: The Phonological-Core Variable-Difference Model. p. 590–604. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002221948802101003

[3] The development of reading impairment: A cognitive neuroscience model. p. 196–205. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrdd.10080

[4] Uncoupling of Reading and IQ Over Time: Empirical Evidence for a Definition of Dyslexia. p. 93–101.

[5] Newman, Tina M.; Macomber, Donna; Naples, Adam J.; Babitz, Tammy; Volkmar, Fred; Grigorenko, Elena L. (5 April 2007). "Hyperlexia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37 (4): 760–774. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0206-y. PMID 17048093.

[Grigorenko-6] 1 2 3 Grigorenko, Elena L.; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred (November 2003). "Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44 (8): 1079–1091. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00193. PMID 14626452.

[Burd,_Kerbeshian,_1985-7] Burd, Larry; Kerbeshian, Jacob (June 1985). "Hyperlexia and a Variant of Hypergraphia". Perceptual and Motor Skills 60 (3): 940–942. doi:10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.940. PMID 3927257.

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