Ukuthwalwa

Ukuthwala igama laseNingizimu Afrika elisho ukuthumba umakoti, umkhuba wokuthi indoda ithumbe intombazane encane bese iyishada ngenkani, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali bayo.[^[1]] Le "mishado yokuthunjwa" yenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Kapa naKwaZulu-Natal.[^[2]] AbeSuthu bayibiza ngokuthi itjhobediso. Phakathi kwesizwe samaXhosa namaZulu, ukuthwala kwake kwaba yindlela eyamukelwa lapho khona abantu ababili abathandanayo bashade ngaphandle kwemvumo yabazali babo lapho imindeni ingamuthandi lowo okusuke kuzoshadwanaye (futhi empeleni kwakuwuhlobo lokuzilahla). [^[1]]Ukuthwala kuye kwahlukumeza, ikakhulukazi kubantu besifazane basemaphandleni abahlala bodwa ababethathelwa ukucebisa izihloso zesilisa.."[^[3]]

Umongo

Ukuthumba umakoti, akugcini eNingizimu Afrika. Umkhuba wendoda ethatha owesifazane efisa ukushada naye ubulokhu ukhona emhlabeni wonke nakuwo wonke umlando wangaphambilini. Lokhu kusaqhubeka ukwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eCaucasus nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Ezizweni eziningi, ukuthunjwa komakoti kubhekwa njengobugebengu bobulili ngenxa yesisusa sokudlwengula, kunokuba kube uhlobo lomshado olusebenzayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo zingabonakala futhi njengokuwela phakathi komshado ophoqelelwe kanye nomshado ohleliwe. Leli gama ngezinye izikhathi lididaniswa nokweqa(elopements,), lapho izithandani zibaleka ndawonye ebesezifuna imvume yabazali bawo kamuva. Kwezinye izimo, owesifazane uvumela ukuthunjwa ngokuzama ukungazoni ephoxe abazali bakhe. Ezindaweni eziningi, lokhu kwakuvame ukukhuthazwa yimithetho ebizwa ngokuthi "ukushada nokudlwengula" (marry-your-rapist laws ). Ngisho nasemazweni lapho lo mkhuba uphambene nomthetho, uma ukuphoqelelwa kwezomthetho kubuthakathaka, umthetho wesiko ("imikhuba yendabuko") ungaba namandla.

Ukuthumba umakoti kuvame uhlobo lomshado wezingane(kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi). Kungase kuhlanganiswe nomkhuba wokukhokha intengo yomakoti, ingcebo ekhokhwa ngumkhwenyana nomndeni wakhe kubazali bomakoti, kanye nokwehluleka noma ukungazimisele ukuyikhokhela.

Ukuthumba umakoti kuhlukile ku-raptio ngokuthi owokuqala ubhekise ekuthunjweni kowesifazane oyedwa yindoda eyodwa (nabangane bakhe nezihlobo), futhi lokhukusalokhu kuwumkhuba osakazekile,kanti owokugcina ubhekisela ekuthumbweni kwabesifazane ngamaqembu amadoda, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sempi. Isibonelo esivamile sezinganekwane noma umlando waseRoma kwakuyi-Rape of the Sabine women. I-Raptio yayibhekwa njengomkhuba ongokomlando, ngakho-ke igama lesiLatini, kodwa ngekhulu lama-21 liye lwanonwa ngokuthi iUkudlwengula kwempi (war rape), okunye kwako kunezingxenye zokuthumba umakoti; ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane namantombazane abathunjiwe yiBoko Haram eNigeria, i-Lord Resistance Army e-Uganda ne-ISIS kanye nasemaphakathini empumalanga bathathwa njengabangamakhosikazi abathumbi babo.

Umsuka

In South Africa, the custom originated from the Xhosa people, though the practice has expanded into different ethnic groups. The act of ukuthwala traditionally required the culprit to pay one or more head of cattle to the father or legal guardian of the girl. Unsuspecting girls who had not consented to ukuthwala usually did not object to its purpose. Sometimes the girl genuinely did not wish to be married, although usually girls were conditioned from childhood to look forward to the day, and to believe that marriage and childbearing are the fulfilment of life.^[4] A modern interpretation of this practice encourages men to abduct young girls (commonly under 18) for the purpose of marriage.

Ukwanda

Abaningi abathunjiwe kubikwa ukuthi bangamantombazane angaphansi kweminyaka yobudala, kuhlanganise nabanye abaneminyaka engu-8. Lo mkhuba wathola ukusakazwa okungekuhle, futhi abezindaba babika ngo-2009 ukuthi amantombazane angaphezu kuka-20 aseMpumalanga Kapa aphoqeleka ukuba aphume esikoleni njalo ngenyanga ngenxa ye-kuthwala.

E-Lusikisiki ngo-2009, kwabakhona izehlakalo lapho khona amantombazane amancane avela ezikhungweni zezintandane, aphoqeleka ukuba ashade namadoda amadala. Kuye futhi kwaba nezimo zamantombazane amancane aphoqelelwa ukuba ashade ngokungemthetho namadoda asebekhulile abafelokazi (cishe iminyaka engu-55 kuya kwengu-70).

Umkhuba wokuthwalwa uxolisiwe njengokuthunjwa okuyinhlekisa noma isiphakamiso esingajwayelekile esihloselwe ukufeza umshado osemthethweni wendabuko.(Bennett Customary Law in South Africa -2004)^[5]

Yize imithetho ingaqinile ngokwanele ukuvimbela umkhuba onjalo. IPhalamende LeRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika ligxile ezinyathelweni wokuvumela abesifazane ukuba babike amacala okuxhashazwa nokuqoqa isinyathelo somphakathi sezehlakalo ezinjengalezi.

Bheka futhi

Izinkomba

1 2 "The Legal Resources Centre - 2012 08 02 Traditional practices may be harmful: Xingwana". Archived from the original on 2014-01-13. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
↑ Sarah Condit (2011-10-28). "Child Marriage: Ukuthwala in South Africa". Genderacrossborders.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
↑ Dixon, Robyn (12 July 2012). "Bride Abductions 'a distortion' of South Africa's Culture". Los Angeles Times. Northwest of Howick.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gab
↑ McQuoid-Mason, David. "Obiter". Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 27 August 2009.

Izixhumanisi zangaphandle

Ukuthumba umakoti wezingane - Isiko elidala lase-Ukuthwalwa
Indaba Yase-Ukuthwalwa
Ifa lesiko emsebenzini wabadwebi ababili bezitsha zobumba abakhuluma isiXhosa
I-ANC: Izikhulu ezingcono, izilinganiso zezemidlalo zihlala, ukuthumba umakoti kuya ku-M&GI-M&G

[:0-1] 1 2 "The Legal Resources Centre - 2012 08 02 Traditional practices may be harmful: Xingwana". Archived from the original on 2014-01-13. Retrieved 2014-01-13.

[2] Sarah Condit (2011-10-28). "Child Marriage: Ukuthwala in South Africa". Genderacrossborders.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-01-11.

[3] Dixon, Robyn (12 July 2012). "Bride Abductions 'a distortion' of South Africa's Culture". Los Angeles Times. Northwest of Howick.

[gab-4] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gab

[5] McQuoid-Mason, David. "Obiter". Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 27 August 2009.

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