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UmNukubalo

Mayelana Wikipedia

Pollution_of_soil_on_Earth

UmNukubalo ungukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngezingcolisi ezidala umonakalo. Umnukubalo ungenziwa nganoma isiphi isiqa (esiyisinqumela, esiwuketshezi, noma esiluhowo) noma ngesidlakalasi (esifana nobuyonzi, ikhoza, umsindo, noma ukukhanya). Izinukubalisi, eziyizigcoyi zomnukubalo, zingaba iziqa/izidlakalasi ezifakwayo noma izingcolisi ezingokwemvelo.

Nakuba ukunukubaliswa kwemvelo kungase kubangelwe izenzakalo zemvelo, igama elithi umnukubalo lisho ukuthi izingcolisi zibangwa ubunuku bomuntu, njengoba ziwumphumela wezokukhiqiza, izimboni ezimonculayo , ukuphathwa kabi kwendle, ezokuthutha noma ezolimo. Amazwe amaningi anemithetho nenqubumgomo elawula umnukubalo owenziwa izimboni. Izinhlobo zomnukubalo eziqavile zihlanganisa umNukubalo womoya, umNukubalo wamanzi, ukunukubaliswa ucwazi, umNukubalo wenhlabathi, umNukubalo wemiyonzi, umNukubalo wekhoza, umNukubalo wokukhanya, umNukubalo womsindo.[1]

Igama elithi umNukubalo livela kwisenzukuthi 'nuku' esisho ukungcola, amankonovane noma amaxhifixhifi. Umuntu ongazithandi ohlezi engcolile ubizwa inuku, futhi umuntu onjalo unenkondolo yobunuku.[2] Ngakho isimo lapho kungcoliswa khona imvelo ngendlela ezoguqula ukusebenza kwayo kuthiwa umNukubalo. Phela imiphumela yomNukubalo inomthelela emibi kubantu nasempilweni yabo, futhi ingaphazamisa ezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ngonyaka wezi-2019, umNukubalo wabulala abantu abayizigidi eziyithoba emhlabeni wonke, futhi izihemu ezintathu zalelo nani zabulawa umNukubalo womoya.[3][4]

Ngenxa yobungozi bomNukabalo, izinqubomgomo zamazwe amaningi zahlongoza izindlela zokulawula izinukubalisi eziyiziqa, nokukhuphula izingabunjalo lamanzi nomoya nendlela indle ethuthwa ngayo. Ukulwisana nomNukubalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhankaso weNhlabgano yeziZwe nezivunelwano zamazwe ahlukene, futhi kuyingxenye yazo zonke izimPokophelo zeNtuthuko eLondolozayo.[5]

Izinhlobo zomNukubalo

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Intuthu enkabeni yesidlavela iMoscow, eRashiya, ngowezi-2010

Izinhlobo eziqavile zomnukubalo zibaliwe ngezansi kanye nezingcolisi zazo:

  • UmNukubalo woMoya: ukudedelwa kweziqa nezinhlayiyana kumoyambulunga. Izinukubalisi eziluhowo zihlanganisa umCalahle ontuhlanye, isibabuli esinthuhlambili neNtuhla yeNihwe ezikhiqizwa yizimboni, imikhando nezimoto. Intuthu nesintshongohwe zidalwa izintuhla zeNihwe lapho zisabela elangeni.
  • UmNukubalo weNzubawonga: ukuba yinala kwemiyonzi yenzubawonga ngesimo sayo esingahonyozeki, imiyonzi yofufukiso lomsakazo nomabonakude, ne-Wifi. Nakuba ingenayo imithelela kubantu, kodwa iyisiphazamiso kwezomchazamkhathi nasezimisweni zezindiza nezimoto.
  • UmNukubalo wokuKhanya: uhlanganisa ukukhanya okuphulukundlelayo, ukucwazimula ngokweqile nesiphazamiso sasezulwini.
  • Ukuntshinga imfucuza: isenzo sokuntshinga izibi ezingamukeleki emphakathini nasezindaweni zangasese.
  • UmNukubalo weNgxolo: ohlanganisa ingxolo yezimoto, ingxolo yasezimbonini, ingxolo yezindiza njll.
  • Ukunukubalisa ngocwazi: kubandakanya ukwanda kwemikhiqizo yocwazi kanye nocwazincinci emvelweni nokuba yingozi ezilwaneni, nakubantu.
  • Ukunukubalisa inhlabathi kwenzeka lapho iziqa zidedeleka ngokuchitheka noma ukumfonona kwangaphansi komhlaba.
  • Ukungcoliswa imiyonzi, okuwumphumela wobuqhebeqhebe bomchazandalo weChwe, ofana nokuphehlwa kwamandla weNuzi nocwaningo lwezikhali zeNuzi, kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwazo nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
  • UmNukubalo wekhoza, inguquko yamazinga okushisa emanzini okubangwa ithonya labantu, njengalapho amanzi asetshenziswa njengesiqandisi sesiPhehlimandla.
  • UmNukubalo wamanzi, ubangwa ngokuthelwa kwendle nemfucuza ebuya kwezentengiselwano nezimboni emifuleni. Kuthelwa indle engahlanziwe nezingcolisi eziyiziqa, ezifana neChwenzi elibuya endleni ehlanziwe; kanye nokugelezela emifuleni kwamanzi agcwele izikhuthazi, nezijuqazilokazane.[6][7][8]

Izinkomba

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  1. ↑ Gaur, Nidhi; Sharma, Swati; Yadav, Nitin (2024). "Chapter 2 - Environmental pollution". Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability: 23–41. doi:10.1016/B978-0-443-18959-3.00010-0. ISBN 978-0-443-18959-3. 
  2. ↑ Doke, Vilakazi (1972). Zulu-English Dictionary. Witwatersrand University Press. p. 611.
  3. ↑ Dickie, Gloria (18 May 2022). "Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study". Reuters (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 23 June 2022.
  4. ↑ Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom et al (June 2022). "Pollution and health: a progress update". The Lancet Planetary Health 6 (6): e535–e547. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0. PMC 11995256. PMID 35594895. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=11995256. 
  5. ↑ Environment, U. N. (21 February 2020). "A Global response to Pollution". Beat Pollution (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 11 March 2023.
  6. ↑ Aboyeji, Oyebanji Oluseun (1 December 2013). "Freshwater Pollution in Some Nigerian Local Communities, Causes, Consequences and Probable Solutions". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. doi:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n13p111. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/2307. 
  7. ↑ Englande, A.J.; Krenkel, Peter; Shamas, J. (2015), "Wastewater Treatment &Water Reclamation☆" (in en), Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences (Elsevier): B978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09508-7, ISBN 978-0-12-409548-9, PMC 7158167 
  8. ↑ Ahmed, Jebin; Thakur, Abhijeet; Goyal, Arun (2021), Shah, Maulin P, ed., "CHAPTER 1. Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects", Chemistry in the Environment (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry): pp. 1–14, doi:10.1039/9781839165399-00001, ISBN 978-1-83916-279-4 
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