Umchazampilo wamangqamuzana

Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo igatsha le-biology elifunda ukwakheka, ukusebenza nokuziphathaamangqamuzana.^[1]Zonke izinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngamangqamuzana. Ingqamuzana liyingxenye eyisisekelo yokuphila ebhekene nokuphila nokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo. Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo ihlanganisa kokubili ama-I-prokaryotic nama-eukaryotic cells, kanye nezihloko ezincane ezihlanganisa ucwaningo lwenqubo yamakhemikhali ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana, Umjikelezo wamangqamuzana, i-biochemistry, kanye nokwakheka kwamangqemu.

Ucwaningo lwamangqamuzana lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu esibonakhulu kanye nokuhlukanizwa kwezinxenye. Lezi zisetshenziselwa ucwaningo lokuthi amangqamuzana asebenza kanjani, ekugcineni okunikeza ukuqonda ngezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu. Ukwazi izingxenye zamangqamuzana nokuthi amangqamuzana asebenza kanjani kuyisisekelo kuzo zonke isayensi yezinto eziphilayo futhi kubalulekile ekucwaningeni emikhakheni ephathelene nezokwelapha nezinto eziphilayo njengomdlavuza, nezinye izifo. Ucwaningo lwe-cell biology luhlobene neminye imikhakha efana ne-genetics, i-molecular genetics, i'molecular biology, i-medical microbiology.

Umlando

Amangqamuzana abonakala okokuqala IYurophu ngekhulu le-17 ngokusungulwa kwesibonakhulu esihlanganisiwe. Ngo-1665, URobert Hooke wabhekisela ezakhiweni zazo zonke izinto eziphilayo "njengamangqamuzana" (anyatheliswa ku-I-micrographia) ngemuva kokubheka ucezu lwe-cork futhi abone ukwakheka okufana nAmangqamuzana ezindela; nokho, amangqamuzana ayefile. Abazange banikeze uphawu lwezingxenye zangempela zengqamuzana. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1674, U-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek waba ngowokuqala ukuhlaziya amangqamuzana aphilayo ekuhloleni kwakhe ama-alga. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-1831, URobert Brown wathola i-nucleus. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngaphambi kwenkolelo-mbono yamangqamuzana ethi zonke izinto eziphilayo zakhiwe ngamangqamuzaneni nokuthi amangqamuzana ayizingxenye zokusebenza nezokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu ekugcineni kwaphetha ngusosayensi wezitshalo UMatthias Schleiden^[2] kanye nososayensi wezilwane UTheodor Schwann ngo-1838, ababuka amangqamuzana aphilayo ezicutshini zezitshalo nezilwane, ngokulandelana. Eminyakeni eyi-19 kamuva, URudolf Virchow waqhubeka wafaka isandla embonweni wamangqamuzana, enezela ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana avela ekuhlukaneni kwamangqamuzaneni akhona kakade.^[3] Amagciwane awabhekwa kuyi-cell biology - awanayo izici ze-cell ephilayo futhi esikhundleni salokho afundwa kuyi-microbiology subclass ye-virology.^[4]

Amasu

Ucwaningo lwe-cell biology lubuka izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhulisa nokulawula amangqamuzana angaphandle komzimba ophilayo ukuze uqhubeke ucwaningo lwe-anatomy yomuntu kanye ne-physiology, kanye nokuthola imithi. Amasu okucwaninga ngawo amangqamuzana aye ashintshile. Ngenxa yentuthuko ye-microscopy, amasu nobuchwepheshe kuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuba babe nokuqonda okungcono ukwakheka nokusebenza kwamangqamuzana. Amasu amaningi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukufunda i-cell biology ahlelwe ngezansi:

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↑ "Uncovering Earth's virome". August 2016: 425–30.

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[Cell_and_Molecular_Biology2-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Cell and Molecular Biology2".

[Nature-4] "Uncovering Earth's virome". August 2016: 425–30.

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