Umlilo
Umlilo uwukusabela kwevanga noma ukuthuhleka okusheshayo kwesivamelo enqubweni ededela ikhoza, ukukhanya, nemikhiqizo ehlukahkukene yalokho kusabela. Amalangabi, ingxenye ebonakalayo yomlilo, akhiqizwa ekusabeleni kokusha lapho isivamelo sifinyelela izingakushisa elivamile. Amalangabi avela ezivanelweni zomcalahwanzi i-hydrocarbon ngokuyinhloko ezqukethe UmCalahle ontuhlambili, umhwamuko wamanzi, isOhwe, neNihwe. Uma ushisa ngokwanele, uhowo lungahonyozeka lukhiqize unyazani.[1] Umbala nokuvutha kwamalangabi kuncike ohlotsheni lwesivamelo nokwakheka kohowo oluzungezile.
Umlilo, ngokwesiko sawo esivamile, inamandla wokuba ephenduke umlilo wequbula, okuyinto engashisa izinto eziningi ngisho nabantu. Umlilo uzikhinyabeza ngokuqondile zonke iziphili emhlabeni. Imithelela emuhle yomlilo ihlanganisa ukuvuseleka ukukhula kwezitshalo, Kodwa ungakhahlameza impilo ushise impahla, unukubalise umoya futhi ungcolise amanzi.[2] Lapho umlilo ushisa izitshalo ezivikela inhlabathi, ukufika kwemvula enamandla kwenza inhlabathi iguguleke.[3] Ukusha kwezitshalo kuphafuza iNihwe emoyeni, engafani neminye imisoco yezitshalo efana nomKhosha noma iPholoba, eziihlala isikhathi eside emlotheni futhi zivuseleleka ngokuba ingxenye yenhlabathi.[4][5] Ukulahleka kweNihwe kwenza inhlabathi ilahlekelwe ukuvunda kwayo. Kodwa, ingabuyiselwa ngokuthi kutshalwe izitshalo ezilungisa iNihwe ezifana ne-clover, imigoqo, namaqobolondo; ngokufaka umgquba noma nesimongotho semvelo esifana nombani.
Endulo, umlilo wawuthathwa njengenhlwa ebalulekile kanye nomoya, inhlabathi namanzi, futhi wawuhlonizwa ngoba kwezolimo wawucwenga izwe, uvikela ukupheka, iletha imfudumalo nokukhanya, usetshenziswa ukuphokozisa, ukuncibilikisa, ukuqandula, ukushisa izibi, ukulothisa, nanjengesikhali sembubhiso.
Namuhla, sekukhona ezobuchwepheshe namaqhingasu okuklanyelwe ukuvimba umlilo, ukuwulawula, nokuwucisha, kusetshenziswa abacishimlilo abayizingcwepheshi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini umlilo ubangwa ophekayo lapho enganakile, nakuba usikilidi nawo uymbangela enkulu. Izihlongamlilo nezinhlelo zeziitshapi ziyawunciphosa umonakalo womlilo ezindlini.[6]
uMsukagama
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Elithi "umlilo" livela egameni lo limi olwandulela isintu kwelithi mʊ̀dɪ̀dò,[7] nalo elivela egameni lo limi lwangaphambili laseBenue-Congo elithi lilo. Ingakho izilimi eziningi zase-Afrika ephakathi wehle uze uyofika eNingizimu zinendlela ecishe ifane yokubiza lesi simongotho.[8] Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwesiBende múlíló, ngokwesiLuganda omuliro, ngokwesiLuba-Katanga mudilo, ngokwesiNdonga omulilo, ngokwesiLala nilo, isiPhuthi mullo, futhi ngokwesiXhosa umlilo. Abukho ubufakazi obusikisela ukuthi elithi umlilo lihlobene ngandlela thile nebizo elithi isililo noma ukulila.
Umlilo ubuye ubizwe ngamagama okuhlonipha ahlanganisa elithi umbaso, umphembo, umtubiso, nelithi umkhanyiso.
Amaphathelelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Fukuyama, Takao; Mukai, Nodoka; Togawa, Gaku (1 November 2019). "Dynamic behaviours of a flame as plasma in a strong electric field". Scientific Reports 9 (1): 15811. Bibcode 2019NatSR...915811F. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50537-x. PMC 6825191. PMID 31676808. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6825191.
- ↑ Lentile, Leigh B.; Holden, Zachary A.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Morgan, Penelope; Lewis, Sarah A.; Gessler, Paul E. et al (2006). "Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects". International Journal of Wildland Fire 3 (15): 319–345. doi:10.1071/WF05097.
- ↑ Morris, S. E.; Moses, T. A. (1987). "Forest Fire and the Natural Soil Erosion Regime in the Colorado Front Range". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77 (2): 245–54. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00156.x. ISSN 0004-5608.
- ↑ "SCIENCE WATCH; Burning Plants Adding to Nitrogen". The New York Times (in i-English). 1990-08-14. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-11-02. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "How Do Wildfires Affect Soil? - Applied Earth Sciences" (in i-English). 2019-11-12. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-11-02. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Al-Hajj, S. et al (2022). "Interventions for preventing residential fires in vulnerable neighbourhoods and Indigenous communities: A systematic review of the literature". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (9): 5434. doi:10.3390/ijerph19105434.
- ↑ Doke, Vilakazi (1972). Zulu-English Dictionary. Witwatersrand University Press. p. 457.
- ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/m%CA%8A%CC%80d%C9%AA%CC%80d%C3%B2