Ummeli

Ummeli noma ummeli-wasemthethweni, yigama elikhethwayo likasomthetho osebenzayo ezindaweni ezithile, okuhlanganisa iPoland, iNingizimu Afrika (kosomthetho abathile), iSri Lanka, iPhilippines, kanye ne- United States . Leli gama lisuka esenzweni esithi mela, esisho ukungena esikhundleni sothile ukuze umkhulumele, uthwale amalungelo nezibopho zakhe.

ENgilandi nase-Wales ne-Ireland

Ummeli, ngomqondo wosomthetho osebenzela othile, unemvelaphi yasendulo emthethweni waseNgilandi. ISimiso sikaMerton 1235 sisebenzisa inkulumo yesiLatini attorñ emushweni ohunyushwe ngesiNgisi yi- The Statutes of the Realm njengo-   Leli gama lalisetshenziswa eNgilandi naseWales nase-Ireland kubosomthetho ababesebenza ezinkantolo zomthetho ezivamile. Babeyizikhulu zezinkantolo futhi babengaphansi kokuqondisa kwabahluleli. Abameli ngokuvamile babengaveli njengabaphikeli ezinkantolo eziphakeme, indima ebekelwe (njengoba isalokhu injalo) yama-barrister. Abashiwuza (solicitors), osomthetho ababesebenza ezinkantolo zokulingana, babebhekwa njengabahloniphekile kakhulu kunabameli futhi maphakathi nekhulu le-19 abameli abaningi base bezibiza ngabashiwuza.

UMthetho WeNkantolo Ephakeme Yabahluleli yowe-1873 eNgilandi naseWales kanye noMthetho WeNkantolo Ephakeme Yabahluleli (e-Ireland) yowe-1877 e-Ireland waphinde waqoka bonke abameli njengabashiwuza. Leli gama liqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwezomthetho e-United Kingdom kuphela uma kuziwa kubameli besinikazi, abayizingchwepheshi bezomthetho abaneziqu zobungcweti futhi abayizingchwepheshi ekusebenzeni kuzo zonke izindaba nezinqubo eziphathelene nomthetho wesinikazi (patent) kanye nokusebenza kwawo. Bangaba, noma bangabi, abashiwuza noma ama-barrister noma bafike emsebenzini ngendlela yochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe (isib. ukulandela i-PhD kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza emkhakheni wesayensi noma wobunjiniyela).