Umqhinqo
Umqhinqo uyingxenye eyisisekelo yokujinjwa noqhiwu lengqwangqwa yesiphili, kanye nengxenye yenkithimpilo. Ungachasiswa njengeqembu elikhulu leziphili lapho noma yiziphi ezinhlobo zobulili noma umbhangqwana ofanele ungakhiqiza inzalo evundile,ngokuvamile ngokuzala ngokobulili. Ezinye izindlela zokuchazisa imiqhinqo zihlanganisa i-karyotype, uchunge loLibofuzo, i-morphology, ukuziphatha, noma i-ecological niche.