Isihamuli

Umshini wokomisa izinwele wesimanje we-UBraun

Isihamuli (uhlobo oluthathwa ngesandla olubizwa nangokuthi umomisi wokuphephetha) umshini we-electromechanical ophephetha umoya wendawo ezisezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezifudumele zokwenza isitayela noma ukomisa izinwele. Imishini yokomisa izinwele yenza kube lula ukulawula ukwakheka nesitayela sezinwele, ngokusheshisa nokulawula ukwakheka kwezibopho ze-hydrogen zesikhashana ngaphakathi komugqa ngamunye. Lezi zibopho zinamandla, kodwa zinesikhashana futhi zisengozini enkulu umswakama. Bayanyamalala ngokuhlanza izinwele kanye.

Izincwalo ezisebenzisa imishini yokomisa izinwele zivame ukuba nesisindo nokuhleleka, okungathuthukiswa ngemikhiqizo yesitayela, amabhulashi ezinwele, kanye namakama ngesikhathi sokomisa ukuze kwenziwe ukuqina, ukubamba nokuphakamisa. Imishini yokomisa izinwele yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Imodeli yokuqala yasungulwa ngo-1912 nguGabriel Kazanjian. Imishini yokomisa izinwele yasendlini ephathwa ngezandla yaqala ukuvela ngo-1920. Imishini yokomisa izinwele isetshenziswa ezindaweni zokulungisa ubuhle ngabochwepheshe, kanye nabathengi ekhaya.

Umlando

Umshini wokomisa izinwele wokuqala

Ngo-1888 umshini wokuqala wokomisa izinwele wasungulwa ngumklami wezimfashini waseFrance u-Alexandre Godefroy . Ukusungulwa kwakhe kwakuyinguqulo enkulu, ehlezi phansi eyayinezigqoko esixhunywe epayipini lesitofu segesi. UGodefroy wasungula lokhu ukuze isetshenziswe esalonini lakhe eFrance, futhi yayingaphathwa noma iphathwe ngesandla. Yayisetshenziswa kuphela uma umuntu ahlale ngaphansi kwayo.

Umsunguli wase-Armenia waseMelika UGabriel Kazanjian waba ngowokuqala ukugunyaza umshini wokomisa izinwele e-United States, ngo-1911. Cishe ngo-1920, imishini yokomisa izinwele yaqala ukungena emakethe ngesimo esiphathwa ngesandla. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokusungula kwe-National Stamping and Electric ngaphansi kwe-white cross brand, futhi kamuva i-U.S. Racine Universal Motor Company kanye ne-Hamilton Beach Co., okwavumela umomisi ukuba ube mncane ngokwanele ukuba ubekwe ngesandla. Ngisho nangeminyaka yama-1920, ama-dryers amasha ayevame ukuba asindayo, enesisindo esicishe sibe ngamakhilogremu angu-0,9 futhi kwakunzima ukuwasebenzisa. Baphinde baba nezimo eziningi Ukushisa ngokweqile Ukushaywa ngogesi. Imishini yokomisa izinwele yayikwazi ukusebenzisa ama-watt angu-100 kuphela, okwandisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokomisa izinyawo (umomisi ovamile namuhla angasebenzisa ama-walt angu-2000 okushisa).  

Kusukela ngawo-1920, ukuthuthukiswa komomisi wezinwele kugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-wattage kanye nezinguquko zangaphandle nezokwakha. Eqinisweni, indlela yomshini wokomisa ayikaze ibe noshintsho oluphawulekayo selokhu yasungulwa. Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu kumomisi wezinwele ukuthi yenziwe ngepulasitiki, ukuze ibe nesisindo esincane. Lokhu kwaqhubeka ngempela ngawo-1960 ngokwethula izinjini zikagesi ezingcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwepulasitiki. Olunye ushintsho olubalulekile lwenzeka ngo-1954 lapho I-GEC ishintsha umklamo womshini wokomisa ukuze ihambise injini ngaphakathi kwesikhwama.

Ama-hair dryers amaningi aqukethe ama-coil okufudumeza kagesi kanye ne-fan ephephetha umoya (ngokuvamile ephehlwa imoto yendawo yonke). isici sokufudumeza kuma-dryers amaningi intambo ye-nichrome engenalutho, esongwe nge-mica insulators. I-nichrome isetshenziswa ngenxa ye-i-resistivity yayo ephakeme, kanye nokuthambekela okuphansi kokugqwala lapho ishiswa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezitolo ngo-2007 kwabonisa ukuthi imishini eminingi yokomisa izinwele yayinezinto zokushisa ezenziwe ngobumba (njenge-ceramic heater) ngenxa yekhono layo "lokushisa okusheshayo". Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esincane ubumba ama-dryers afudumeze futhi izinwele ome.

Eziningi zalezi zinsimbi zokomisa zinezinkinobho "ezibandayo" ezivala i-heater bese ziphephetha umoya wokushisa kwamakamelo ngenkathi inkinobho icindezelwe. Lo msebenzi usiza ekulondolozeni isitayela sezinwele ngokuzifaka. Umoya opholile unciphisa i-frigzz futhi ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukucwebezela kwezinwele.

Eziningi zifaka ukusebenza "kwe-ionic", ukunciphisa ukwakheka kukagesi we-static ezinweleni, yize ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-ion kunempikiswano ethile. Abakhiqizi bathi lokhu kwenza izinwele "zibe zulula".

• I-diffuser iyinhlanganisela esetshenziswa ezinweleni ezincane, ezinombala, ezivulekile noma eziyindilinga ngokwemvelo. Isakaza umoya, ukuze izinwele zingaphefumulelwa lapho zoma. Izinwele zoma kancane, emazingeni okushisa apholile, futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okungokomzimba. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izinwele zingabi bikho futhi kunikeze izinwele umsindo owengeziwe.
• I-airflow concentrator yenza okuphambene ne-diffuser. Ienza isiphetho somshini wokomisa izinwele sibe mncane futhi ngaleyo ndlela isiza ekuqoqeni ukushisa endaweni eyodwa ukuze kwome ngokushesha.
• I-comb nozzle attachment iyafana ne-airflow concentrator, kodwa iphetha ngamazinyo afana ne-comb ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukomisa izinwele esebenzisa umomisi ngaphandle kwebhulashi noma ikamu.