Amaphoyisa

Amaphoyisa noma onoNgqayi (noma oNgqo) bayindikimba emisiwe yabantu abagunyazwe ngumbuso, ngenjongo yokuphoqelela ukugcinwa komthetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, impilonhle nempahla yezakhamuzi, kanye nokuvimbela ubugebengu nezibhelu ebantwini.^[1]^[2] Amandla abanawo ngokusemthethweni ahlanganisa ukubopha nokusebenzisa imphoqo evunyelwe ngumbuso ngokunika wona wodwa igunya lodlame. Leli bizo livame ukuyamaniswa nemibutho yonongqayi yezifunda ezinikwe igunya lokusebenzisa amandla wamaphoyisa ngaphakathi kwendandawo abanesibopho kuyo noma echasiswe ngokomthetho. Imibutho yonongqayi ivame ukuchasiswa njengehlukile kweyezempi nekwezinye izinhlangano ezibandakanyekayo ekuvikeleni umbuso kubabhozomeli bezizwe; kodwa, izigaba zezihonga nombutho wezempi nazo zinegunya lokuphoyisa umphakathi.^[3] Imibutho zamaphoyisa ngokuvamile iwumkhakha wezinkonzo zomphakathi, futhi ixhaswa ngentela.

Ukuphoqelelwa komthetho ingxenye yobuqhebeqhebe bokuphoyisa.^[4] Ukuphoyisa kuhlanganisa uyaca lobuqhebeqhebe Ezimeni ezihlukene, kodwa obuseqhulwini ukugcinwa kokuthula.^[5] Kwamanye amazwe, ekhulwini le-18 nele-19, ubuqhebeqhebe bamaphoyisa babuhlanganisa nokugcina izigaba zabantu zihlukene nokuvikela impahla yangasese.^[6] Imibutho yamaphoyisa seyigxwele yonke indawo enkathini yamanje.^[7]^[8] Kodwa iqhaza lawo libuye libe nezigigaba njengoba amanye enza inkohlakalo, engamaphoyisa anesihluku, futhi kwezinye izikhathi eyisandla sabomashiqela nondlovukayiphikiswa.

Umbutho wamaphoyisa ungabizwa ngokuthi umnyango wamaphoyisa, inkonzo yamaphoyisa, uphiko lwamaphoyisa, uphiko olulwa nobugebengu, izinhlaka zezomthetho. Amalunga wombutho abizwa amaphoyisa namanye amagama achaza izikhundla zawo, afana neNgqovolo, uSigaxamabhande, uMsengi, uMvivi noma uMkhuzi, kuhlanganisa nezinhlomeli noma omantshingelane.

Kunamagama amaningi asemgwaqeni asetshenziswayo wamaphoyisa. Amagama wakudala, amanye masha futhi amanye akusaziwa nokuthi uMsukagama wawo wawuthini. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesiZulu kukhona amagama afana noQonda, abohada, abo-4 njll.

uMsukagama

Elithi iphoyisa/amaphoyisa ibizomfakela elivela kwelisiNgisi elithi police elalinemiqondo ehlanganisa 'umuzi, umbuso, umphakathi', nalo elisuselwa kwelesiFulentshi police (elisho 'ukuthula emphakathini'), nalo elivela kwelesiLathini elithi politia, elaliwumfakela wegama lesiGriki elithi (πολιτεία politeia) elisho 'isakhamuzi, uhulumeni,', elalisuselwa kwelithi (πόλις polis) elisho 'inxuluma'.

Uqhiwu lezikhundla eNingizimu Afrika

INgqovolo - Constable
USigaxamabhande - Sergeant
INdunayeshumi - Warrant Officer
IPhini leNdunayekhulu - Lieutenant
INdunayekhulu - Captain
UMsengi oyiphini - Lieutenant Colonel
UMsengi - Colonel
UMvivi - Brigadier
ISekelamkhuzi oyiphini - Major General
UMkhuzi oyiphini - Lieutenant General
ISekela Mkhuzi - Deputy General
UMkhuzi - National Commissioner

Amaphatho

↑ Miller, Eric J. (2023-05-27). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy (in i-English). 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.
↑ "The Role and Responsibilities of the Police" (PDF). Policy Studies Institute. p. xii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2024. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2009-12-22. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Lioe, Kim Eduard (2010). Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? – The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
↑ Walker, Samuel (1977). A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism. Lexington, MT: Lexington Books. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-669-01292-7.
↑ Neocleous, Mark (2004). Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power. Pluto Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-7453-1489-1.
↑ Siegel, Larry J. (2005). Criminology. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 515, 516.
↑ Bittner, Egon (1970). The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. National Institute of Mental Health.
↑ Owens, M. L. (2024). "Police in the urban world: A primer". Journal of Urban Affairs. 46 (8): 1489–1506. doi:10.1080/07352166.2024.2369464.

[1] Miller, Eric J. (2023-05-27). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy (in i-English). 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.

[2] "The Role and Responsibilities of the Police" (PDF). Policy Studies Institute. p. xii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2024. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2009-12-22. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[Lioe-3] Lioe, Kim Eduard (2010). Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? – The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.

[4] Walker, Samuel (1977). A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism. Lexington, MT: Lexington Books. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-669-01292-7.

[5] Neocleous, Mark (2004). Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power. Pluto Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-7453-1489-1.

[6] Siegel, Larry J. (2005). Criminology. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 515, 516.

[7] Bittner, Egon (1970). The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. National Institute of Mental Health.

[8] Owens, M. L. (2024). "Police in the urban world: A primer". Journal of Urban Affairs. 46 (8): 1489–1506. doi:10.1080/07352166.2024.2369464.

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