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Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo

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Mayelana Wikipedia

Ubuchwepheshe obugqokile, ogqokayo, ubuchwepheshe bemfashini, ubuciko bezinto zobuchwepheshe, noma imishini yama-elekthronikhi ngamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi smart (idivaysi ye-elekthronikhi ene-micro-controlers) egqoke eduze noma / noma ebusweni besikhumba, lapho bethola khona, bahlaziye, futhi bedlulise imininingwane mayelana isib amasignali womzimba anjengezimpawu ezibalulekile, kanye / noma idatha esetshenziswayo futhi evumela kwezinye izimo ngokushesha i-biofeedback kulowo ogqokile[1][2][3]

Amadivayisi agqokiwe njengama-trackers womsebenzi ayisibonelo se-Intanethi Yezinto, ngoba "izinto" ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, isoftware, izinzwa, nokuxhumeka ziyizisebenzi ezinika amandla izinto ukushintshanisa idatha (kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi yedatha [4]) nge-inthanethi nge-inthanethi umenzi, opharetha, kanye / noma amanye amadivayisi axhunyiwe, ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela komuntu.

Ubuchwepheshe obugqokiwe bunezicelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula njengoba insimu ngokwayo inwebeka. Kubonakala ngokugqamile kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi ngokuthandwa kwe-smartwatch kanye ne-tracker yomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, ubuchwepheshe obugqokile bufakwa ezinhlelweni zokuhamba, izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme nokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Umlando

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Umlando wangaphambi kobuchwepheshe obambekayo uqala ngewashi, ebeligqokwa ngabantu ukutshela isikhathi. Ngo-1500 umsunguli waseJalimane uPeter Henlein wenza amawashi amancane ayegqokwa njengemigexo. Ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, amadoda aqala ukuphatha amawashi awo emaphaketheni awo njengoba okhalweni kwaba yinto yemfashini, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwamawashi ephakeji. Ama-wristwatches nawo akhiwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1600 kepha ayegqokwa kakhulu abesifazane njengamasongo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iwashi liba lincane futhi liqonde ngokwengeziwe. Ngo-1904, umshayeli wezindiza u-Alberto Santos-Dumont waphayona wasebenzisa iwashiwatch ngoba lalimvumela ukuba izandla zakhe zingaphazamiseki lapho eshayela. Lokhu kufakazele ukuthi isihlakala siyindawo ekahle yokugqoka iwashi okuholele ekutheni abantu baqale ukusebenzisa amawashi. Abantu baqala ukwenza izinto zokugqoka ezizosetshenziswa kuzo zonke izikhathi, kusuka kumathuluzi abasiza ukunqoba emidlalweni yokugembula, izindandatho ezisetshenziswa njengesixhobo se-computational ngabathengisi, kuya kumakhanda asekhompyutheni asetshenziswa njengendawo yokugqoka kumidlalo yaseshashalazini, nekhamera egqokekayo eboshwe inyoni iye thatha izithombe zasemoyeni, phakathi kwabanye.

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokiwe buhlobene nokukhompiyutha okubili nomlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha angakwazi ukuwabamba. Izindwangu zenza ubuchwepheshe buthande ukubufaka empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngomlando nokuthuthuka kwamakhompiyutha angagqokeki, amaphayona azamile ukuthuthukisa noma ukunweba ukusebenza kwezingubo, noma ukudala izinto ezigqokwa njengezesekeli ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngobuhlakani - ukuqoshwa komsebenzi ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncane obuthathekayo noma obuphathekayo. Ukulandelela imininingwane efana nokunyakaza, izinyathelo, kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo kuyingxenye yokunyakaza kokuzenzela.

Umsuka wobuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokile buthonywa yizo zombili izimpendulo kumbono we-compi ubiquitous. [5] Olunye ucezu lwangaphambi kobuchwepheshe olwemukelwa ngaphambi kwesimanje kwaba iwashi lokubala, elethulwa ngawo-1980s. Ubuchwepheshe obabugqokwa ngisho nangaphambilini babusizo lokuzwa.

Ngo-2004, i-design design yefashini i-CuteCircuit yaveza umqondo ngo-elekhthronikhi oxhumeke kwi-Bluetooth obizwa nge-HugShirt ku-CyberArt festival eBilbao, Spain, lapho wawina khona Umklomelo Omkhulu emkhosini. [6] I-HugShirt, eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ucingo ngokudlula kude ngebanga, ihlukile kuzibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo (isib. Amawashi noma ukwakheka kwezigqoko zezigqoko zekhompiyutha egqokekayo ngo-1990s) ngoba umkhiqizo ungubuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo obathatha isimo sendwangu yokugqoka . [7] Njengoba kunje, iyingxenye yokuqala yezambatho ezixhunyiwe kwi-Bluetooth nezixhunywe kwi-inthanethi. Lo mkhiqizo ufakiwe kumagazini okhethekile we- "Best Inuction of the Year" wephephabhuku. [8]

Ngo-2008, u-Ilya Fridman wafaka imakrofoni efihliwe ye-Bluetooth endlebeni yamacici. [9][10] Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela iSpy Tie, "intambo emfushane yentambo enekhamera yombala efihliwe". [11]

IMcLear neFitbit yizinkampani zokuqala ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinto zokugqoka zesimanje zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi abaningi, hhayi ngemikhiqizo yokuqagela ye-future future. IMcLear, namuhla isengomunye wabaholi esikhaleni sokufaka amandla ekhompiyutha, yaqala ucwaningo nentuthuko kuma-smartwatches yasungula indandatho ehlakaniphile ngo-2010, futhi yasungulwa ngabasunguli be-elekthronikhi abasebenza ngogesi uJoe Prencipe noJohn McLear. [12]

UFitbit ukhiphe i-counter step yakhe yokuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010; Imikhiqizo ye-Fitbit igxile ikakhulu ekulandeleleni umsebenzi. [13] UFitbit manje ungumnikazi wama-Alfabhethi futhi akasaseyona inkampani ezimele yokugqoka enobuchwepheshe.

Eminyakeni elandelayo, ama-smartwatches aqala ukukhishwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ze-elekthronikhi nangokuqala okusha. Omunye weminikelo yokuqala kwakuyi-Samsung Galaxy Gear ngoSepthemba 2013. I-Apple ilandele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nge-Apple Watch ngo-Ephreli 2015. [14] NgoJanuwari 2018, ibhizinisi elincane, i-Empatica, lithole imvume yokuqala ye-FDA ye-smartwatch yabo kwi-Neurology, i-Embrace, eqapha futhi isexwayisa ngokuxhuga okuyisimanga, ngenkathi futhi ibona nezinyathelo nokulala. [15]

Ngo-2012, u-Oculus wethula umkhankaso we-Kickstarter ukuqala ukuthengisa i-headset engokoqobo yabathengi bangempela. [16] Ngo-2016, inkampani, i-HTC yakhipha isizukulwane esisha samahedisethi we-VR evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo.

Prototypes

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Kusuka ngo-1995-1997, uJennifer Healey noRosalind Picard eMIT Media Lab baklama, bakha futhi bakhombisa ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane nokwenza izinqumo kusuka kokugqoka okuqaphele idatha eqhubekayo yomzimba kusuka kogqokile. Lezi zicucu, ubucwebe nezesekeli zokugqoka ziqoqe imininingwane ehlobene nesimo sokuxhumana namakhamera alawulwayo namanye amadivaysi. [17]

Ngo-2009, abakwaSony Ericsson bahlangana neLondon College of Fashion kumncintiswano wokwakha izembatho zedijithali. Owinile bekungubo yokudla e-cocktail enobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth okwenza kube lula lapho kukholwa ucingo. [18]

UZach "Hoeken" Smith wodumo lweMotBot wenza ibhulukwe lekhibhodi ngesikhathi semhlangano "Yokuqothula Imfashini" enhlanganweni yokuqamba eNew York City.

I-Tyndall National Institute [19] e-Ireland yathuthukisa ipulatifomu "yokuqapha yeziguli engabonakali ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani" eyayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha ekhiqizwe izinzwa zeziguli nokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bangavuma kanjani ubuchwepheshe. [20]

Muva nje, inkampani yezemfashini eseLondon i-CuteCircuit idale izingubo zomculi uKaty Perry obenezibane ze-LED ukuze izingubo zishintshe umbala zombili ngesikhathi sesiteji nokubonakala kukhaphethi obomvu. Ngo-2012, i-CuteCircuit yakha ingubo yokuqala emhlabeni ukufaka ama-Tweets, njengoba egqokwa ngumculi uNicole Scherzinger. [21]

Ngo-2014, abafundi abaphothule eTisch School of Arts eNew York baklama i-hoodie eyayithumela imiyalezo yangaphambi kohlelo ebangelwa ukunyakaza komzimba. [22]

Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqala ukuvela ama-prototypes ezinwele ezidijithali ezinamakhanda phezulu (HUD). [23]

Amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-headgear enezibonisi zamasosha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obizwa nge-holographic Optics.

Ngo-2010, i-Google yaqala ukukhulisa ama-prototypes esibonisi sayo esibekwe phezulu se-Google Glass, esangena kwi-beta yekhasimende ngoMashi 2013.[24]

Ukusetshenziswa

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Endaweni yabathengi, ukuthengiswa kwama-smart wristbands (ama-aka task trackers afana neJawbone UP neFitbit Flex) kuqale ukushesha ngo-2013. Umuntu oyedwa kwabayisihlanu baseMelika unedivayisi egqokekayo, ngokusho kombiko we-2014 PriceWaterhouseCoopers Wearable future Report. [25] Kusukela ngonyaka we-2009, ukwehla kwezindleko zamandla wokusebenza nezinye izinto bekuhlinzeka ukwamukelwa nokwanda kokutholakala.

Kwezemidlalo ezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo bunezicelo zokuqapha kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela sabadlali. [26] Izibonelo zobuchwepheshe obudlekayo kwezemidlalo zifaka ama-accelerometer, ama-pedometer nama-GPS angasetshenziswa ukukala izindleko zembaleki namandla iphethini yokunyakaza. [27]

Izinkomba

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  1. ↑ Düking P, Achtzehn S, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Integrated Framework of Load Monitoring by a Combination of Smartphone Applications, Wearables and Point-of-Care Testing Provides Feedback that Allows Individual Responsive Adjustments to Activities of Daily Living. Sensors (Basel). 2018 May 19;18(5). PMID: 29783763. doi: 10.3390/s18051632
  2. ↑ Düking P, Hotho A, Holmberg HC, Fuss FK, Sperlich B. Comparison of Non-Invasive Individual Monitoring of the Training and Health of Athletes with Commercially Available Wearable Technologies. Frontiers in physiology. 2016;7:71. PMID: 27014077. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00071
  3. ↑ O'Donoghue, John; Herbert, John (1 October 2012). "Data Management Within mHealth Environments: Patient Sensors, Mobile Devices, and Databases". J. Data and Information Quality 4 (1): 5:1–5:20. doi:10.1145/2378016.2378021. 
  4. ↑ O’Donoghue, J., Herbert, J. and Sammon, D., 2008, June. Patient sensors: A data quality perspective. In International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (pp. 54-61). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69916-3_7
  5. ↑ "Wearable Computing: A First Step Toward Personal Imaging". IEEE Computer 30 (2). http://wearcam.org/ieeecomputer/. 
  6. ↑ "Premiados Ciberart" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-05. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2020-03-25.
  7. ↑ Ryan, Susan Elizabeth (2014-06-13). Garments of Paradise: Wearable Discourse in the Digital Age by Susan Elizabeth Ryan. ISBN 9780262323970.
  8. ↑ "Best Inventions of 2006". Time. 13 November 2006. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 25 March 2020.
  9. ↑ "Ripple Headset". Behance. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 13 August 2015.
  10. ↑ "And you thought the Jawbone headset was stylish". LA Times. 2009-07-20. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 13 August 2015.
  11. ↑ "Tie camera". Spytechs. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 13 August 2015.
  12. ↑ "NFC Ring Review". The Gadgeteer.
  13. ↑ Kaewkannate, Kanitthika; Kim, Soochan (24 May 2016). "A comparison of wearable fitness devices". BMC Public Health 16: 433. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3059-0. PMC 4877805. PMID 27220855. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4877805. 
  14. ↑ "A timeline of how the Apple Watch was created". Business Insider (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2017-10-24.
  15. ↑ "Empatica's consumer-facing epileptic seizure-detecting wearable gets FDA clearance". MobiHealthNewsaccess-date=2018-02-05 (in i-English).
  16. ↑ "History of VR - Timeline of Events and Tech Development". virtualspeech.com (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2019-12-13.
  17. ↑ Picard, Rosalind; Healey, Jennifer (December 1997). "Affective Wearables". Personal Technologies 1 (4): 231–240. doi:10.1007/BF01682026. 
  18. ↑ "Does the Bluetooth dress signal the future of fashion". LA Times. 2009-06-18. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 13 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Tyndall". www.tyndall.ie. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2016-06-05.
  20. ↑ O'Donoghue, John, John Herbert, and Paul Stack. "Remote non-intrusive patient monitoring." Smart Homes and Beyond (2006): 180–87.
  21. ↑ Krupnick, Ellie (2 November 2012). "The Huffington Post: Twitter Dress".
  22. ↑ Restauri, Denise. "The Brains Behind The Hoodie That Texts". Forbes. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 August 2014.
  23. ↑ Anne Eisenberg Inside These Lenses, a Digital Dimension April 25, 2009 New York Times
  24. ↑ Saneesh V, Soman (dec2019). "What is Wearable Technology? A Quick Guide". SDM. Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2020-03-25. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ↑ Molen, Brad. "These early Google Glass prototypes looked (even more) awkward". Engadget. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 11 August 2015.
  26. ↑ Duncan Smith The Rise of the Virtual Trainer Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine. July 13, 2009 Product Design and Development
  27. ↑ Li, Ryan T.; Kling, Scott R.; Salata, Michael J.; Cupp, Sean A.; Sheehan, Joseph; Voos, James E. (2016-01-01). "Wearable Performance Devices in Sports Medicine" (in en). Sports Health 8 (1): 74–78. doi:10.1177/1941738115616917. ISSN 1941-7381. PMC 4702159. PMID 26733594. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4702159. 
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