I-Ostreliya

I-Ostreliya
Commonwealth of Australia

Isiqongo	I-Khanbhera
Idolobha elikhulu	I-Sidni
Ulimi	isiNgisi

i-Ostreliya (ngokomthetho: uMdlelandawonye wase-Ostreliya; ngesiNgisi: Commonwealth of Australia) iyilizwe eliqukatha bonke ubungakho bendawo belizwekazi legama elifanayo kanye neziqhingi eziseduze njengeTasmania. Amazwe aseduze ayiPapuwa Nyugini, iTimor-Leste kanye neNyuzilandi. i-Ostreliya ifuna ubunmnikazi enxenyeni yendawo yelizwekazi le-Antarctica kodwa ngenxa yomvumelwano wamazwe onke afuna ubumnikazi kulelizwekazi ayivunyelwanga yiZizwe eziHlangeneyo. Ngasempuma kunelwandlekazi yasePasifiki bese ngasntshona kunelwandlekazi laseNdiya, ngaseningizimu kunelwandlekazi lase-Antarctica.

i-Ostreliya iobungakho bendawo besithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni (7,688,287 km2). i-Ostreliya ineinkithinkithi yeziphili, kanye nezinhlonhlobo zezindawo zemvelo njengamahlathi ngasegwini kanye nezigwadule ngaphakthi.

Abantu bomdabu base-Ostreliya babuya eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Eshiya iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kufika kwama-60 endlule enkathini yasekuphethweni yoqhwa. Ngenkathi amaBhulithani ezinza kulelizwekazi wayekhuluma inani lwezilimi ezindlula ama-250 kanye namasiko asaphilayo amadala ukundla amasiko amaningi asemhlabeni. AbaseYurophu bokuqala ukufika e-Ostreliya ngabaseNetherlands ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-17. AbaseBhulithani bakhe umuzi wabo okuqala nge-1788 ekolonini yaseNew South Wales. Kufika ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-19, iningi lelizwekazi lalingaphansi kwabaseBhulithani. Nge-1901, lamakoloni akhethe ukuhlangana ezweni linye. Kancane kancane i-Ostreliya inikezwe amandla okuzibusa okuphelele okunikezwe ubuzimela bobuzwe nge-1986.

i-Ostreliya ibuswa ngohlelo wentandoyeningi kaphalamende engaphansi kobukhosi bomthethosisekelo. iNgonyama yase-Ostreliya, iyinhloko yezwe, kodwa ngokuba ihlala eMbusweni oHlangeneyo njengeNgongyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo, indima yakhe ifezwa nguMlawuli-Jikelele oqokwa nguye ngempakamiso kaNdunankulu wase-Ostreliya, naye emqoka ngemvumo yePhalamende yaseOstreliya. Nakuba amadolobha amakhulu ayiMelbourne kanye neSydney, isiqongo sase-OStreliya siseCanberra. i-Ostreliya ihlanganisa izifundazwe ezibizwa ama-states nama-territories amelwe kwiSenate (indlu yangaphezulu yePhalamende) ngokulingana. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ayiBrisbane, i-Adelaide, iPerth namanye.

i-Ostreliya ibusiswe igcebo eningi yomhlaba yezinhlobo zezimbiwa namafuthetshe. Futhi kunezimboni eziningi ezinkimbinkimbi njengekokhandwa kwemphahla, ukuvakasha, ezemali, oezokwakha nokudayiswa kwemphahla angasukiyo. i-Ostreliya iyinye amazwe asezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthuka lwabantu kakhulu kwezemfundo, ezempilonhle, kanye nezenhlalanhle. Kanye nokuba namandla aqinile ngenxa yezindleko zamabutho ahlomileyo zeshumi nane emhlabeni, i-OStreliya ibizwa ilizwe elisesigabeni sangaphakathi samandla. Futhi, i-Ostreliya iyilunga lezinhlangano zamazwe njenge-OECD, i-G20, i-WTO, i-APEC, kanye ne-Commonwealth of Nations.