Imfundo Yamasiko Amaningi
Imfundo yamasiko amaningi nepolitiki
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Abameli bentando yeningi ezikoleni, ababeholwa uJohn Dewey (1859-1952), azange bavumelane ngokuthi imfundo yomphakathi yayidingeka ngaleso skhathi ukuze kufundiswe bonke abafundi. Umbhali uDewey wayekholelwa ekutheni abafundi basebenzise izandla zabo, okusho ukuthi abafundi bafunda kangcono ngokusebenza ngezandla. U-Dewey wayeqiniseka ukuthi iqiniso liyilokho okwenzekayo kuphela, ngakho abafundi kufanele basebenzisane nendawo yabo, okuhlanganisa nabafundi bezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene, izinhlanga, nezizinda zezenhlalo nezomnotho. Ilungelo lokuthola amalungelo abantu bonke, kanye nemfundo yendawo yonke kungenza umphakathi ube nentando yeningi. Umuntu ovatayo futhi ofundile uzoba nolwazi kwezombusazwe kanye nomnotho futhi enze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile. Ngawo-1960, abagqugquzeli bemfundo yomphakathi babephikisana ngokuthi ukufundisa abantu abasebenzayo baye ezingeni eliphezulu (usebenzisa amathuluzi afana noMthethosivivinywa we- GI ) kwakuzoqedela ukuguqukela entandweni yeningi ngamabomu.
James Banks
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Umnumzane u James Banks owayengumongameli woMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezifundo kanye Nezenhlalakahle, uthi "Imfundo yobuzwe kumele iguqulwe ngekhulu lama-21 ngenxa yokujula kobuhlanga, ubuzwe, amasiko, ulimi kanye nenkolo. Amalungu omphakathi ayingxenye yentando yeningi kufanelel abambe iqhaza ngempumelelo yamasiko okwabelwana ngawo. Ubunye obungenakwehlukahlukana buphumela ekucindezelweni kwamasiko kanye nobukhosi.Ukuhlela ikharikhulamu yezikole ezibusa ngentando yeningi yamasiko amaningi kuholela ekwenzweni izinqumo ezibalulekile futhi izikole azithathi hlangothi. Ukuze kwakhiwe izikole, izikole eziningi zaxhaswa ngemali ukuze zikwazi ukuthuthukisa intando yeningi. Isikhundla esisekela intando yeningi asichemile; othisha kufanele basize izikole zikhuthaze ukuhlukahluka. Inganekwane yokungathathi hlangothi kwesikole ivela ekungayiqondini kahle ifilosofi ye-positivism. Esikhundleni sokungathathi hlangothi, izikole kufanele zihlele futhi zifundise ukubambisana, ukuhloniphana, isithunzi somuntu ngamunye kanye nezindinganiso zentando yeningi ezihlobene. Izikole, ikakhulukazi izikole ezididiyelwe, zihlinzeka ngendawo enothile lapho abafundi bengahlangana khona, bafunde ukusebenzisana, futhi baxoxe ngokuthatha izinqumo.
UMeira Levinson
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngokuka Levinson, amaqembu amathathu aveza imibono ehlukene "yemfundo yamasiko amaningi." Lawa maqembu yilawa: izazi zefilosofi zezombangazwe nezemfundo, amathiyori ezemfundo, nabasebenzi bezemfundo. Uthi bafundisa ngezinhloso ezahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi ezishayisanayo ezikoleni. Izazi zefilosofi zibona imfundo yamasiko amaningi njengendlela yokusabela kwabancane emphakathini abalwela amalungelo eqembu labo noma abamele ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kwamalungu alelo qembu, njengendlela yokuthuthukisa umuzwa wengane wokuzimela, futhi njengomsebenzi we umphakathi omuhle. Osozinkolelo-mbono bezemfundo bafuna ukuhlela kabusha izikole kanye nekharikhulamu ukuze kumiswe "ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nokulingana kwangempela". : 433 Ngokuhlela kabusha izikole ngale ndlela, ongoti bezemfundo banethemba lokuthi umphakathi uzohlelwa kabusha njengoba abafundi abathole imfundo yamasiko ehlukene beba ngamalungu aneqhaza ezombusazwe. Iqembu lesithathu nelokugcina, ongoti bezemfundo, linombono wokuthi imfundo yamasiko amaningi ikhulisa ukuzethemba kwabafundi abavela emasikweni amancane futhi ibalungiselela ukuba baphumelele ezimakethe zomhlaba
UJoe Kincheloe kanye no Shirley Steinberg
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]U-Kincheloe kanye no -Steinberg babonise ukunganeliseki ngendaba yoku setshenziswa kwegama " amasiko aminingi " kanye "nemfundo yamasiko amaningi". Banikeza umhlahlandlela yezindlela amagama asetshenziswa ngayo. Ababhali baxwayisa abafundi babo ukuthi bakhulumela ngokungananazi isimo esibucayi samasiko amaningi nokuthi abafundi kufanele bakunake lokhu njengoba becabangela intela yabo. Ababhali bahlukanise lokhu kwaba yizigaba ezinhlanu futhi esibalulekile. Lezi zigaba zibalulekile futhi ziqanjwe ngemva kwezinkolelo zobunhloli kanye nezoku gcina kwamasiko emphakathini wase Melika, zidalula ngamunye ngamunye isimo sezopolitiki.
Umbono weDemocratic Equality, uzama ukuvumela abafundi ukuba bazizwe sengathi bangamalungu ekilasi, [1] : 45 Isekela imfundo yamasiko amaningi ngoba "enkundleni yezombangazwe yentando yeningi, sonke sithathwa njengabalinganayo (ngokomthetho womuntu oyedwa, ivoti elilodwa), kodwa lokhu kulingana kwezombusazwe kungabukelwa phansi uma ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle kwezakhamuzi kukhula kakhulu". [1] : 42 Ngokubandakanya abafundi abanamasiko ahlukene, amakhono, kanye nezinhlanga abafundi bajwayelana kakhulu nabantu abahlukile kubo, ngethemba lokuvumela ukwamukelwa okukhulu emphakathini. Ngokwethula amasiko ahlukahlukene, abafundi bazozizwa sengathi banezwi noma indawo esikoleni. [1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Labaree, David F. (January 1997). "Public Goods, Private Goods: The American Struggle Over Educational Goals". American Educational Research Journal 34 (1): 39–81. doi:10.3102/00028312034001039. ISSN 0002-8312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00028312034001039.