Inkinga yesidlakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika
Inkinga yesidlakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika noma Inkinga yamazuba yaseNingizimu Afrika, yinkathi eqhubekayo yokucinywa kwamazuba ezweni lonke. Lenkathi yaqala ezinyangeni zokuphela kowe-2007 futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube manje. Inkampani ekhiqiza isidlakathi kahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesiphehli mandla esiyinhloko, i-Eskom, kanye namalunga oMgwamanqa bakhomba ukusilela kwamandla okuphehla amaZuba njengembangela yalenkinga.
Ngokuka-Eskom nezikhulu zikahulumeni, isixazululo sidinga ukuba kwakhiwe ezinye iziphehlimandla ezintsha. Inkohlakalo nokungaphathwa ngokufanele kwe-Eskom, kusuka kusabusa uThabo Mbeki, kwenze yangalungiseka lenkinga; futhi yande ngokwengeziwe lapho sekuphethe uCyril Ramaphosa.
Isizinda senkinga
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Power station maximum generating capacity as of 2019 Amalahle (83%) Isitoreji Esipompowe (6%) Igesi (5%) Nuclear (4%) Hydro (2%) Wind (0.2%)
Embikweni okhishwe ngoZibandlela we-1998, abahlaziyi nabaholi bala-Eskom nohulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika babikezela ukuthi i-Eskom izophelelwa amandla wamazuba agciniwe ngowezi-2007 uma kungathathwa isinyathelo sokuvimbela lokho.[1][2] Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuphakelwa ngamandla nokuthembeka, umbiko wangowe-1998 watusa ukuba kuhlelwe kabusha izinhlaka zika-Eskom ngokuhlukanisa imihwebo yakhe ibe mibili, ukuphehlwa kwamazuba kanye nokufufukiswa kwamazuba.[3] Naphezu kwezixwayiso zombiko wangonyaka we-1998 nezicelo zika-Eskom zokuvunyelwa ukuba wandise ummumatho wakhe, uhulumeni kaZwelonke awuthathanga sinyathelo.[4] Ngaleso sikhathi uhulumeni oholwa ngu-Thabo Mbeki wawucubungula ukusuluza (ukudayisa) ngo-Eskom okwakucashunwa njengesizathu esenza uhulumeni wangathatha sinyathelo.[4] Lokhu kwaphumela ekutheni u-Eskom angasakwazi ukwenezela ngommumatho wokuphehla futhi kanjalo umelane nengqekelelo yezwe ekhulayo yamazuba kusuka ngowezi-2002 kuqhubeke.[5] Uhulumeni wanika u-Eskom isivumelo sokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwesidlakathi ngama-70 ekhulwini ngowezi-2004.[6]
Ingqalasizinda egugayo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Iziphehlimandla eziyi-15 zakhiwa maphakathi kowe-1961 nowe-1996, zenezela ummumatho ohlanganiswe oyizi-35,804 MW. Ekhulwini lama-21, ngummumatho oyizi-9,564 MW kuphela owenezelwe ngeziphehlimandla ezisanda kwakhiwa zaseMedupi naseKusile.[7] Iziphehlimandla eziningi zika-Eskom zineminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-50 ubudala futhi seziphelelwa isikhathi.[1] Kulandela inkathi yokuqala kacimicimi yangowezi-2007 kuya kowezi-2008, u-Eskom wagunyaza ukwakhiwa kweziphehli ezifukuthwa ngamalahle eMedupi naseKusile ukuze andise ukukhiqizwa kwesidlakathi ngama-25 ekhulwini. Ukwakhiwa kwaleziphehli kwadibana nezingqinamba eziningana zobunyoninco nokusaphazwa kwemali kuyilapho ixongo leziphehli ezikhona lalingananwa futhi liqhubeka nokugidinga nangemva kokuphela kwenkathi yazo yokugidinga.[8]
uMlando wensebenzo yeziphehlimandla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngezansi kunelandasikhathi seziphehlimandla ezinkulu zika-Eskom [9]
| Unyaka | Isiphehli | Megawatts |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Komati | 990 |
| 1963 | Rooiwal | 300 |
| 1967 | Camden | 1561 |
| 1969 | Grootvlei | 1180 |
| 1970 | Hendrina | 1893 |
| 1971 | Arnot | 2352 |
| 1976 | Kriel | 3000 |
| 1979 | Matla | 3600 |
| 1980 | Duvha | 3600 |
| 1984 | Koeberg | 1860 |
| 1985 | Tutuka | 3654 |
| 1985 | Lethabo | 3708 |
| 1987 | Matimba | 3990 |
| 1988 | Kendal | 4116 |
| 1996 | Majuba | 4110 |
| 2015 | Medupi | 4764 |
| 2017 | Kusile | 4800 |
Imithombo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "News24, South Africa's premier news source, provides breaking news on national, world, Africa, sport, entertainment, technology & more". News24. Archived from the original on 27 January 2008. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 31 January 2008. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Department of Minerals and Energy (December 1998). White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa (PDF) (Report). Department of Minerals and Energy. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 8 October 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Department of Minerals and Energy (December 1998). White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa (PDF) (Report). Department of Minerals and Energy. pp. 55–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 29 October 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The state of electricity in South Africa - Part I: The problems in Eskom". Helen Suzman Foundation (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2021-01-06.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:6 - ↑ "Eskom says it will implement stage six load shedding from midday on Wednesday". The Mail & Guardian (in i-English). 2022-12-07. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-12-09.
- ↑ Steyn, Lisa. "Shutting old power plants is the simple solution to load shedding woes, expert says". Fin24 (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-06-29.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:5 - ↑ "Dark history: The real reason behind load shedding in SA". BizNews.com (in i-English). 2021-07-05. Archived from the original on 2022-06-25. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-06-29.