Okumpunga

Okumpunga umbala omaphakathi phakathi kokumnyama nokumhlophe. Ungumbala ongathathi hlangothi noma we-achromatic, okusho ukuthi awunayo i-chroma ngakho-ke awunawo umbala. Uwumbala wesibhakabhaka esimbozwe ngamafu, womlotha, nomthofu. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okumpunga njengegama lombala olimini lwesiNgisi kwakungo-700 CE. Okumpunga isipelingi esihamba phambili ku-European and Commonwealth English, kanti okumpunga kuvame kakhulu ngesiNgisi saseMelika; nokho, zombili izipelingi ziyasebenza kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesiNgisi. EYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi umbala ompunga uwumbala ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungathathi hlangothi, ukuvumelana, isithukuthezi, ukungaqiniseki, ukuguga, ukungabi nandaba nesizotha. Iphesenti elilodwa kuphela labaphendulile eliwukhethe njengombala abawuthandayo.