Tranexamic acid

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Mayelana Wikipedia

I-Tranexamic acid (TXA) iyisithombo esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa noma ukuphindaphinda ukubulawa kobugebengu okusenzo zangaphakathi, ukukhulisa i-"blood loss" emtholampilo ezintweni ezikulezi zisuswa: ukubulawa kwezwe ezingamakhulu, ukugcwalisa okuphuma esibayeni, ukwenzekwa kwezombusazwe, ukucimekwa kwe-dental, ukucimekwa kwezibopho kanye nokususwa kwezikhumbuzo ezingaphakathi.[1][2] Kusetshenziswa futhi ukuthi uye kwamaphilisi ezingeni eliphezulu zokudala.[1][3] Kusetshenziswa kungasendaweni ukuya kwe-oral kanye nangokugcina emtholampilweni wesango injection into a vein.[1]

Umqondofanayo wokusebenza[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

I-Tranexamic acid iyinhlangano yeduthuluzi efana nesethetiki yomhlaba, i-amino acid yomhlaba lysine. Isetshenziswa njengendlela yokusebenza i-antifibrinolytic ngokushintshana kanye nokuphuma lokusebenza kwamanye amaklasi. Lokhu kushitsha indlela yokuqhubekeka kwe-plasminogen kuze kube inkeke yokuqhubekeka, okwenza ukuphinda fibrin ukulweleke kanye nokulondoloza uhlelo lwesihloko sesifuba se-fibrin.[4] I-Tranexamic acid inamahlebezane eyisikhombisa eminyakeni emithathu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-ε-aminocaproic acid, ingakuthi ukuphinda indlela yokusebenza yeproteini isine IC50 = 87 mM),[5] kanye ikwenzela ukungabulala uqobo lwesethetiki sokuqhuba (urokinase plasminogen activator) ngezinsika eziningi (Ki = 2 mM), ezinokuhleleka kakhulu phakathi kwezikhumbuzo zonke ze-serine proteases.[6][7]

Amaphutha ehlukahlukene.[3] Kunezinye ezihlukahlukene ezihlukile njengeqoqo lezinye ezinjengokubuka color vision, ukulweliswa kwesihloko (blood clots), kanye nolwazi oluyinhloko (allergic reactions).[3]Kusetshenziswa okuncane futhi kubekhona izinga elibi kubo abantu abahlukene nezifo zomqondo.[8] I-Tranexamic acid iyasitshela ukusebenzisa kwawo kwezokungaphakathi nokuphephethwa.[3][9] I-Tranexamic acid iyinhlangano yezinye ezintsha ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwaso.[8][4]

I-Tranexamic acid yabhala ngonyaka ka-1962 ngabafundi bezolimi bezaseJapan uShosuke kanye no-Utako Okamoto.[10] Iyikhophi yezokwakha zaseWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] I-Tranexamic acid ikhona njengomthombo we-generic.[12][7]

Izinhlelo zokubhala[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 British national formulary: BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 170. ISBN 9780857111562.
  2. ↑ "Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Lancet 389 (10084): 2105–2116. 2017. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4. PMC 5446563. PMID 28456509. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5446563. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 December 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Lysteda (tranexamic acid) Package Insert" (PDF). accessdata.FDA.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2 November 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "X-ray crystal structure of plasmin with tranexamic acid-derived active site inhibitors". Blood Advances 1 (12): 766–771. 2017. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2016004150. PMC 5728053. PMID 29296720. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5728053. 
  6. ↑ "Tranexamic acid is an active site inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator". Blood Advances 3 (5): 729–733. 2019. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018025429. PMC 6418500. PMID 30814058. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6418500. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Tranexamic acid". Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 May 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 December 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 December 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ "Utako Okamoto". Lancet 387 (10035): 2286. 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3. PMID 27308678. 
  11. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  12. ↑ Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 415. ISBN 9781284057560.
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