UXhoxho lwesiCikizi

UXhoxho lwesiCikizi luyiqoqo leziCikizi ezabelana ngezinsiza ezitholakala noma ezihlinzekwa amaqhuzu wamaxhoxho. IziCikizi zisebenzisa imibandela yokuxhumana evamile kuxhakaxhumano lwezezibhangqiwe ukuze zixhumane zodwa. Lezi zixhakaxhumano (interconnections) zakhiwa ubuchwepheshe bamaxhoxho ezokuxhumana, obusekwe kwizindlelasu zomjinge wamaza ezingenantambo, eziboshelwe ngokoqobo, nezezibonanyo, okuyizindlelasu ezingahlelwa ngamalungiselelo amaqhuzu oxhoxho angafani. Amaqhuzu wamaxhoxho (network nodes) esicikizi angahlanganisa izicikizi zasendlini, iziphakeli, izimpahla zamaxhoxho, noma ezinye izisingathi (hosts) zekhethelo zenjongo ebanzi. Zihlonzwa ngamakheli wamaxhoxho, futhi zingaba namagama ezisingathi. Izisingathii zikhonza njengemigqabo yenkumbulo yamaqhuzu, eziguqulwa kancane emva kwesabelo sokuqala. Amakheli oxhoxho akhonza ukuthungatha nokuhlonza amaqhuzu ngemibandela yokuxhumana efana negumelo loxhakaxholo (internet protocol).

Amaxhoxho wesicikizi angajinjwa ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise insiza yofufukiso (transmission medium) esetshenziswa ukuthwala iziyabizo, uyacabanzi, imibandela yoqanguzo yokuhlela isinyokotho soxhoxho (network traffic), umumo, izindlela zokulawula isinyokotho, kanye nenhloso yohlelo lonke.

Amaxhoxho wesicikizi aseka izinhlelokusebenza eziningi nezinkonzo, ezifana nofikelelo kusindalwazi somhlaba, izilalelwa zezezibhangqiwe, ukusetshenziswa okwabiwe kwezinhlelokusebenza neziphakeli zokulondoloza, izinguxa zomqhafazo (fax machines), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwencwazuba nezinhlelokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo ngokuphazima.

uMlando

Ukwakha uxhoxho lwesiCikizi kungathathwa njengegatsha lenzululwazi yesicikizi, umNgcikisho wesiCikizi, nezokuxhumana, njengoba kuncike emibonweni nasekusebenzeni koqeqesho oluhlobene nakho. Ukwakha uxhoxho lwesiCikizi kwathonywa uyaca olubanzi lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nezingqophamlando.