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Ubisi

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Ubisi ngokuvamile liwukudla oluketshezi olumhlophe (kodwa lungaba nemibala ewuphuzi, ewukhilimu, ebomvana, noma ensundu) ekhiqizwa yizindlala ezincelisayo zezilwane ezincelisisayo. Iiwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezilwane ezincelayo ezincane ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi Ukugayeka ukudla okuqinile.[1] Ubisi liqukethe izakhi eziningi, kufaka phakathi I-calcium namaprotheni, kanye ne-i-lactase" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lactose">i-lactose namafutha anqumayo;[2] i-enzyme ye-lactase iyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-lactosa. Izici zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezingxenye ezishintshayo komzimba obisini ziba nomthelela ekuvikeleni ubisi. Ubisi lokuqala, olubizwa ngokuthi I-colostrum, liqukethe ama-antibodies kanye nezingxenye ezishintsha Isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba eziqinisa isimiso sokuvikela komzimba ezifweni eziningi.

Njengomkhiqizo wezolimo, ubisi luqoqwa ezilwaneni zasemapulazini, ikakhulukazi izinkomo, endaweni yobisi. Isetshenziswa abantu njengesiphuzo futhi njengesithako esiyisisekelo semikhiqizo yobisi. I-US CDC yancoma ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziwu-12 ubudala (iminyaka engaphansi yokuyeka ukunikeza ubisi noma ifomula) kufanele zibe nemikhiqizo yobisi kabili ngosuku, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emhlabeni wonke badla imikhiqizo yobisi.[3][4] Ikhono labantu abadala lokugaya ubisi lixhomeke ekuqhubekeni kwe-lactase, ngakho-ke abantu abangabekezeleli i-lactose banenkinga yokugaya i-lackose.

Ngo-2011, amapulazi obisi akhiqiza izigidi ezingu-730 million tonnes (800×10^6 short tons) (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-800 amafushane) obisi [5] asuka ezinkomeni zobisi ayizigidi ezingu-260.[6] I-INdiya ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wobisi emhlabeni futhi ingumthengisi ohamba phambili we-skimmed milk powder.[7][8] I-New Zealand, i-Germany, ne-Netherlands yiwona amazwe athumela imikhiqizo yobisi enkulu kunazo zonke.[9] Abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-750 nezingu-900 bahlala emakhaya aphuza ubisi.[4]

Kusukela ngo-1961, leli gama ubisi liye lachazwa ngaphansi kwezindinganiso I-Codex Alimentarius "njengokukhishwa okujwayelekile kwamabele wezilwane eziphuzayo ezitholakala ngobisi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokunezelwa noma ukukhipha kulo, okuhloselwe ukudliwa njengobisi olamanzi noma ukuqhubeka nokucubungula"[10]Igama elithi ubisi libhekisela ekukhiqizeni ubisi lwezilwane.

Kunezigaba ezimbili ezahlukene zokudla ubisi: zonke izinsana ziphuza ubisi ngokuqondile emizimbeni komama bazo, futhi kuwumthombo walo oyinhloko wokudla okunomsoco; futhi abantu bathola ubisi kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ukuze zidliwe ngabantu babo bonke ngobudala, njengengxenye eyodwa yokudla okuhlukahlukene.

Cishe kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ubisi luphakelwa izinsana ngokunceliswa, ngokuqondile noma ngokuveza ubisi oluzogcinwa futhi ludliwe kamuva. Ubisi lokuqala lwezilwane ezincelisayo lubizwa ngokuthi I-colostrum. I-Colostrum iqukethe ama-antibodies anikeza ukuvikelwa komntwana osanda kuzalwa kanye nezithako nezici zokukhula.[11] Ukwakheka kwe-colostrum kanye nenkathi yokukhishwa kwegazi kuyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni.[12]

Ebantwini, i-World Health Organization incoma ukuncelisa ngokukhethekile izinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nokuncelisa ngaphezu kokunye ukudla iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Kwamanye amasiko kuvamile ukuncelisa izingane iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, futhi inkathi ingase ibe yinde.

  1. ↑ Van Winckel, M; Velde, SV; De Bruyne, R; Van Biervliet, S (2011). "Clinical Practice". European Journal of Pediatrics. 170 (12): 1489–1494. doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1547-x. ISSN 0340-6199. PMID 21912895. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "Milk". The Nutrition Source (in i-English). Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. July 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 17 April 2024.
  3. ↑ "Cow's Milk and Milk Alternatives". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 25, 2022. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Kulandwe ngomhlaka February 5, 2026. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. 1 2 Hemme, T.; Otte, J., eds. (2010). Status and Prospects for Smallholder Milk Production: A Global Perspective (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2012. Kulandwe ngomhlaka December 1, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "Food Outlook – Global Market Analysis" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. May 2012. pp. 8, 51–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2012. Kulandwe ngomhlaka August 1, 2012. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "World Dairy Cow Numbers". [FAO]. January 14, 2014. Archived from the original on March 23, 2014. Kulandwe ngomhlaka March 23, 2014.
  7. ↑ Anand Kumar (October 21, 2013). "India emerging as a leading milk product exporter". Dawn. Pakistan. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Kulandwe ngomhlaka June 3, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ "Government scraps incentive on milk powder exports to check prices". Economic Times. Times of India. Press Trust of India. 9 July 2014. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Kulandwe ngomhlaka June 3, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Top Milk Exporting Countries". Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka July 3, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Codex Alimentarius Commission. "General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms 206-1999" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Uruakpa, F.O.; Ismond, M.A.H.; Akobundu, E.N.T. (2002). "Colostrum and its benefits: A review". Nutrition Research. 22 (6): 755–67. doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00373-1.
  12. ↑ Blood DC, Studdert VP, Gay CC (2007). Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevierv. ISBN 978-0-7020-2789-5.
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