Ucansi oluphakathi

Mayelana Wikipedia
A group of people standing on a staircase in a hotel facing the camera.
Abahlanganyeli esithangamini sesithathu i- International Intersex Forum, eMalta, ngoDisemba 2013

Abantu be-Intersex ngabantu abazalwa benanoma yiziphi izici zobulili ezibandakanya amaphethini we- chromosome , ama-gonads, noma izitho zangasese, ngokusho kwe- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "ezingahambelani nemibono kanambambili yemizimba yabesilisa noma yabesifazane". [1] Yize ububanzi bezici zobulili ezingathandeki bungahle bube sobala kusukela ekuzalweni ngokutholakala kwezitho zangasese eziyindida, kwezinye izimo, izici ezi-atypical zingase zinganakwa, ziveze njengezitho zangaphakathi zokuzala noma ama-chromosomes angama-atypical angahlala engaziwa kumuntu impilo yabo yonke.

Ukunikezwa kocansi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuvame ukuhambisana nobulili bengane yokwakheka kanye ne- phenotype . Isibalo sabantwana abazalwa benesitho sangasese esingaqondakali sisebangeni lika-0.02% kuya ku-0.05%. [2] Ezinye izimo zibandakanya ama-chromosomes angama-atypical, ama-gonads, noma ama-hormone. [3] Abanye abantu bangabelwa futhi bakhuliswe njengentombazane noma umfana kepha bese bezibandakanya nobunye ubulili kamuva empilweni, ngenkathi iningi liqhubeka nokuzibandakanya nobulili obabelwe. Isibalo sokuzalwa lapho ingane i-intersex ibikwe ngokuhlukile kuye ngokuthi ngubani obikayo nokuthi iyiphi incazelo ye-intersex esetshenziswayo. U-Anne Fausto-Sterling nababhali asebenza nabo basikisela ukuthi ukwanda kokuthuthuka kwezocansi okungenangqondo - kungahle kube ngaphezulu kuka-1.7%, kufaka phakathi nezimo odokotela abangaziboni njenge-intersex.[4] Kulezo zimo sex lapho ucansi lwe-chromosomal lungahambelani nobulili be-phenotypic, noma lapho i-phenotype ingahlukaniswa njengowesilisa noma owesifazane [..] ukwanda kweqiniso kwe-intersex kubonakala kucishe kube ngu-0.018%, cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kalikhulu kunoFausto Isilinganiso sikaSterling sika-1.7% ″, [3]kubika kukaLeonard Sax.

Amagama asetshenzisiwe ukuchaza abantu be-intersex aphikisiwe, futhi ayashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nendawo. Abantu be-Intersex phambilini babebizwa "ngama- hermaphrodites " noma " abathenwa abazalwa nabo ". [5] [6] Ngekhulu le-19 kanye nelama-20, abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha basungula ukuqanjwa kwamagama amasha ngomzamo wokuhlukanisa izici ababezibonile, umzamo wokuqala wokwenza uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwentela kwezimo ze-intersex. Abantu be-Intersex bahlukaniswa njengabantu abane " hermaphroditism yangempela ", "i- pseudohermaphroditism yabesifazane", noma "i-pseudohermaphroditism yesilisa". [7] Lawa magama awasasetshenziswa, futhi amagama afaka igama elithi "hermaphrodite" athathwa njengalahlekisayo, acwiyisayo, futhi ahloniphekile ngokwesayensi uma kubhekiswa kubantu. [8] ku-bhayoloji, igama elithi hermaphrodite lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umzimba ongakhiqiza ama-gametes abesilisa nabesifazane.

Template:External media

  1. UN Committee against Torture; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; UN Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Dainius Pῡras Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children et al. (October 24, 2016), "Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge", Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20739&LangID=E 
  2. Disorders of Sex Development. 2018. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 How common is intersex? a response to Anne Fausto-Sterling. August 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476264/.  Alt URL
  4. How sexually dimorphic are we? Review and synthesis. March 2000. 
  5. Mason H.J.. Favorinus' Disorder: Reifenstein's Syndrome in Antiquity?. 
  6. Nguyễn Khắc Thuần (1998), Việt sử giai thoại (History of Vietnam's tales), vol. 8, Vietnam Education Publishing House, p. 55
  7. Zucker, Kenneth J.. Gender Identity Disorder in Children. 
  8. Dreger, Alice D.. Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/648f67a949075c9fd990c5b99f12283361191343.