Umfula
Umfula umzila wamanzi ogeleza ngokwemvelo phakathi nezwe, noma phakathi komgede, imvamisa wakhiwa amanzi angenatswayi futhi ugelezela endaweni esezansi efana nolwandlekazi, ichibi noma omunye umfula. Kwezinye izimo, umfula uyoma ungakafiki lapho uchithela khona, uphelelwe ngamanzi, noma ugeleze ngesikhathi ezithile zonyaka kuphela. Imifula emincane kungabhekiswa kuyo kusetshenziswa amagama anjengemifudlana, isifufula noma umlambo. Imifula ilawulwa umjikelezo wamanzi, okungumdludlungu wokujikeleza kwamanzi eMhlabeni. Amanzi agcwala emifuleni ngokuna kwemvula, noma ngokuhululeka asuka ezimbandeni, ngokuncibilika kwamaqeqeba weqhwa, noma ngokumfimfa ephuma ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba.
Imifula igobhoza emizileni yamanzi bese ihlangana emaxhumeni (confluence) ukuze yakhe izibishaziba (drainage basins), lapho khona amanzi aqoqana khona ukuze agobhozele endaweni eyodwa. Izibishaqembulo (drainage divides) zigcina imifula yahlukene kweminye imizila yamanzi futhi yenza amazi avela phezulu agobhoza ngesibishaqembulo ukuba angene emizileni osezansi. Imifula inamandla wokukhinyabeza ukuma kweze eliwazungezile. Kwezinye isikhathi iyachichima idle izindwani yeqe ugu lwayo futhi ikhukhule izindawo eziseduze, isakaze imisoco kulezo zindawo. Impephala yodanga (alluvium) egudlwa umfula nayo iyasiguqula isimo sendawo ezungezile, yakhe umahlukanamfula neziqhingi zomfula lapho ukugobhoza kusililiza khona. Imifula akuvamile ukuthi igobhoze iqombothe, kunalokho iyabhena, igwincize: futhi ukuma kogu lomfula kungaguquka noma yinini. Imifula ithola impephala yodanga ngemvuthuluka, okuyiyna egweda amadwala kube imigwila nezigodi.
Imifula ibilokhu inanakekela abantu nezilwane izinkulungane zeminyaka. Iziphili ezihlala eduze noma phakathi emfuleni ezifana nezinhlanzi, izitshalo zasemanzini, izinambuzane zonke zineqhaza ezilibambayo ngokwehlukene, kuhlanganisa ukudludlunga izithako zemvelo nokuzingelana. Imifula ikhiqizela aantu izinsizakusebenza eziningi, ezihlanganisa ukudla, ezokuthtutha, amanzi wokuphuza, nezokuzilibazisa. Abantu bakwazile ukungcikisha imifula ukuze bavimbele izikhukhula, banisele izitshalo, futhi bakhiqize amazubomjilimba ngamadamu. Abantu bayamanisa imifula nempilo nenzalo futhi banezinkolelo ezinamandla ngemifula. Babuye balwe nezimpi ngenxa yayo.
Amagama wemifula yaKwaZulu
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Amandawe
Amahlongwa
uBivane
iNcome
uMsuluzi
uMzinyathi
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uMadlozana
iNdwe
iMpongoza
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IMpambanyoni
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Bushman
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Intombe
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Inseleni
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Isikhwebezi
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Zinkwasi
Sundays
Kaba
Koshwana
Bheka futhi
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