Umkhumbi-ngwenya
Umkhumbingwenya ungumkhumbi okwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Leli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke iziqutshwa ezithwala abantu nezikwazi ukutshuza ngaphansi kwamanzi.[1]
Imisebenzi nesakhiwo somkhumbingwenya
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Nakuba imikhumbi-ngwenya yokuhlola yayakhiwe ngaphambili, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi-ngwenya kwaqala phakathi nekhulu le-19, futhi imikhumbi-ngwenya yamukelwa imikhumbi-ngwenya eminingana. Aqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918), futhi manje asetshenziswa emikhunjini eminingi yemikhumbi, emikhulu nemincane. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezempi kubandakanya: ukuhlasela imikhumbi engaphezulu yesitha (umthengisi nezempi) noma eminye imikhumbi-ngwenya; ukuvikelwa komthwali wendiza; ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi; ukusebenza ngokunyenya ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe lapho kuqoqwa ubuhlakani futhi kwenziwa ukuhlola; ukuphika noma ukuthonya ukunyakaza kwezitha; ukuhlaselwa komhlaba okujwayelekile (isibonelo, ukwethula i-cruise missile); kanye nokufakwa ngokucashile kwamaxoxo noma amabutho akhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo komphakathi kuhlanganisa: isayensi yasolwandle; ukusindisa; ukuhlola; kanye nokuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kwesikhungo. Imikhumbi-ngwenya ingalungiselelwa imisebenzi ekhethekile efana nemishini yosesho nokuhlenga kanye nokulungisa amakhebula angaphansi kolwandle. Zibuye zisetshenziswe embonini yezokuvakasha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokumba umlando bangaphansi kolwandle. Imikhumbi-ngwenya yesimanje yokucwilisa ekujuleni kwamanzi iphuma ku-bathyscaphe, eyavela kwinsimbi yokutshuza.[2]
Imikhumbi-ngwenya eminingi emikhulu inomzimba oyisilinda oneziphetho zekhoni kanye nesakhiwo esime mpo, ngokuvamile esitholakala phakathi kwemikhumbi, egcina izinsiza zokuzwa nezokuxhumana kanye namathuluzi okubuka okungaphandle kusuka ngaphakathi, phecelezi periscope. Kumikhumbi-ngwenya yesimanje, lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi iseyili eMelika kanye ngophiko noma i-fin eYurophu. Isici semiklamo yangaphambili kwakuyisigodlo sokulawula umkhumbi: okuyisihlangu sokumkhumbi esihlukile sokucindezela ngaphezu komzimba omkhulu wesikebhe evumela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okubuka okungaphandle kusuka ngaphakathi amafushane. Kukhona isiphakeli ngemuva, kanye namaphiko ahlukahlukene okulawula amandla amanzi okunyakaza. Imikhumbi-ngwenya emincane, ejulile, kanye nekhethekile ingase iphambuke kakhulu kulo mklamo ongokwesiko. Imikhumbi-ngwenya iyatshuza futhi iphinde ivuke ngokusebenzisa izindiza zokutshuza nangokushintsha inani lamanzi nomoya emathangini kubhalasti ukuze kuthinte ukuhamba kwawo.[3]
Imithombo yolwazi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ "Submarine" (in en), Wikipedia, 2025-07-08, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Submarine&oldid=1299500522, retrieved 2025-07-09
- ↑ "Submarine Force". www.history.navy.mil (in i-English). Archived from the original on 2025-04-01. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-07-09.
- ↑ "Submarine". www.royalnavy.mod.uk (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-07-09.